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ABSTRACT
Treatment of infectious disease is a major public health challenge due to the continual increase in
drug resistance by microorganisms. Plants are rich source of antibacterial agent which could be
used to treat and manage human disease.This study was carriedout to evaluate antibacterial
activity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Ziziphus lotus on multidrug resistant E.coli, S.
aureus, Salmonella spp, and P. aeruginosa. The Plant materials were extracted with methanol
using cold maceration method and concentrated under vaccum with rotary. The crude extracts
were fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n- butanol. The n- butanol fraction with
highest activity was partially purified using silica gel column chromatography. Antibacterial
activity of the extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 200,
100, 50 and 25mg/ml. The concentrations were prepared by dissolving 2g of each extract in 10ml
of 5% dimethyl sulphoxide and the rest were prepared by two fold dilutions. The minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined
by broth dilution and spread plate technique respectively. Ciprofloxacin (10μg) was used as
standard drug during the study while 5% Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as negative
control. All extracts have activity with highest against Staphylococcus aureus and least against
Escherichai coli. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of
flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. The GC-
MS result showed the presence of Octadec-9-enoic acid, Hexanoic ac
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