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ABSTRACT
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a glycoprotein with peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase
activity which cleaves Angiotensin I to produce Angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a powerful
vasoconstrictor that as well regulates the synthesis of aldosterone that consequently interferes
with blood pressure regulation. This study evaluates the effect of aqueous extract of
Combretummicranthum leaves and its fractions on the in vitro activity of rabbit ACE and the
possible antioxidant potentials fractions. C. micranthum leaves were extracted using aqueous
as solvent. Consequently, the in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of the extract was conducted
using cushman and cheng method and the aqueous extract was further subjected to
chromatographic fractionation where the fractions obtained were assayed for in
vitroinhibitory activity against rabbit ACE and their possible antioxidant potentials. Aqueous
extract of C. micranthumleaves produced 59.43±4.00 % inhibitory activity comparable to
captopril which produced 83.02±2.67% activity. The chromatographic fractions A, B, C and
D were able to inhibit the in vitro activity of rabbit ACE with the inhibitory percentages of
8.21±41.19, 97.69±8.57, 78.32±7.14 and 98.32±2.66 % respectively. Phenolic compounds
were found in the various fractions of the aqueous extract of C. micranthum with fraction B
having the highest amount of these phenolics. The antioxidant potency of these fractions was
evident in their free radical scavenging IC50, reducing power ability and total antioxidant
capacity which all showed that fraction B may possibly exhibit the highest antioxidant
potency as compared to fractions C and D. The bioactive phytochemical constituents from the
GC-MS analysis of fraction B of the aqueous extract of C. micranthum where found to be
Megastigmatrienone, 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-
17β-ol. Hence, the results demonstrated that aqueous extract of C. micranthum has shown the
tendency to inhibit the in vitro activity of ACE which could be attributed to its antioxidant
activity demonstrated by the reduction power and the total antioxidant capacity of the various
fractions.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The word hypertension is defined as a persistence increase in systemic arterial blood pressure
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