CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 

   Communication is widely used in running almost all the organizations effectively. Effective communication is essential for any business or organization to prosper. It cuts on wasted time and provides both customers and employees with necessary tools to succeed and find satisfaction. When communication is not effective, the end result is an increase in production time and a decrease in the bottom line. In other to avoid this outcome, effective communication most be in place. Communication is known as the exchange of information between sender and receiver, and interface (perception) of meaning between individuals involved. Analysis of this exchange review that communication is a two-way process consisting of consecutively linked elements.

      Managers who understand this process can analyze their own communication pattern as well as design. Communication is rather complex to define in a single sentence. In a glimpse, however, it has many types which include; interpersonal communication; intrapersonal communication: group communication; public communication and online or machine assisted communication. Interpersonal communication means to interact with another person, while intrapersonal means to interact with oneself or to reason with or evaluate self. Group communication, on the other hand, is defined as the process of interacting with a limited number of others work to share information, develop ideas and make decision to solve problems, offer support or have fun. Mass communication, is communicating in large number of people using media (television, newspaper, internet, radio), and finally online or machine assisted communication deals with communication through use of online software that are programmed to interact with browsers or users.

Communication is also categorized into two verbal and non – verbal.

Verbal communication mean the use of spoken word when communicating, while non verbal means using other medium such as body signals, writing etc. Communication undergoes a process, which involved the information sources, transmitting, noise source, receiver and destination as showed by the communication model developed by Shannon Weaver (1949) the information source is the communicator of the information, which then uses specific types of transmitter or medium (e.g. verbal, writing, telephone, etc).

Communication is very important to the existence of human organization. The environment in which organization operate today is complex and comprises physical, cultural psychosocial, economics, legal, political, technical and other characteristics.  It is in this environment that all organization must operate their business. They must among other analysed the character of economics and social problem and acknowledge that their policies are adopted and administered in a political system where concentration of power and self-interest has to be tackled.

The factors that contribute to the failure in implementation of organizational objectives include lack of clarity of purpose and failure in understanding of objective policies and tasks at any level by any group or individual. Failure in communication or perception clashes of interest of value, gap between anticipated and actual event, degree of flexibility and capacity of organization to respond to the unexpected all those by no means are possible constraints to organizational intention but the major concern here is the breakdown in management function due to no communication. In other word how “effective communication improves managerial performance”. Communication function is the means by which organized activity is unified. The means by which social input are fed into the social systems or organization, the means by which behavior is modified, change is effected, information is made productive and goals are achieved, be it business, the military, the government and so on.

In a similar form, communication relates to exchange of facts, opinion or emotions by two or more persons in an organization. It could be word, letters, symbols or messages in a way that one-organization member shares meaning and understanding with another. On the other hand management is the managing of a complex system of men, machine, money and the physical structure whose effective coordination is necessary in the production of a product or service that have economic value to the society. The practice of management also rest to a large extent on the role or part which individuals and groups in the organization play and of course the way their activities are harmonized. 

Human beings (personnel) are essentially crucial for the development growth and success of any organization, for it is the human beings that get things done. The practice of management involves taking charge and streamlining the activities of organization member to ensure that as far as possible desired objective are achieve.

 

The importance of communication cannot be over-emphasized. It can be compared to the blood that runs through the veins and arteries of human body because the function of integration, maintained, orientation, decision making and the growth of organization member are performed through it.

 

        1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 

Communication contributes effectively towards the organizational success. This is only done if it is used to perform its key functions of controlling, motivating, emotional expression and decision making. The environmental of managing may differ between large and small business, between business and other kinds of organized enterprises and between differing cultures in areas of economic and social development.

The researcher therefore believes that managerial functions are basically the same but at various degree of performance. The researcher wants to examine how effective communication holds the key to improved managerial performance. Individuals with little or no qualifications find themselves holding managerial positions in a company. This lack of a competence leads to wrong decision making especially when subordinates are not consulted.

Organizations also have some complicated chain of command, difficult and most times the chain of command is not strictly adhered to, the company as such have overlapping authorities and responsibilities as subordinates become accountable to more than one superior.

Also most companies lack intra-communication facilities like intercoms and memos. This leads to ignorance on the part of the subordinate, about the aim and the objective of the company as well as the standard expected of them.

This could lead to liaises-faire attitude to work, which is harmful to the growth and progress of the company. As a result of all the above problems discussed, the researcher intends to help such companies by elaborating on how effective communication can improve their performance. But due to the inability of having the necessary communication skills and equipment’s for which will enhanced productivity in organization. Therefore, this research tries to bridge the gap of communication impact to organization productivity of both time and demo – graph, for developing country.

1.3    OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 

The general objective of this study is to investigate how effective communication affects organization productivity in a company. More specifically, the study sought to:

1) Established the factor that contributes to effective communication

1.4    RESEARCH QUESTION

 

To achieve the objective of the study, the research sought to answer the below question;

1. What are the effects of effective communication on organizational productivity?

1.5    THE HYPOTHESIS

In relationto the available or above research question and objective the researcher has drawn to a conclusion in respect to the following hypothesis

H01: There is no positive effect of effective communication on organizational productivity

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

From the study of this research it intended to enable managers and line manager/supervisors at Northern Noodles, Kaduna develop proper communication channels and ensure effective communication is enhanced to increase employee motivation in the organization. Poor communication in business whether written or oral can obstruct the efficiency of an organization or a specific department. This study will also help managers and supervisors identify the weakness in employee communication, language and channel if needs be device ways of training and developing perfect communicators. It is also understood that management performance, by executing the four managerial function can be improved through effective communications thereby aiding the organization achieve its goal.

This study would aid students managers in the making manage organization effectively. It would also aid students studying management to understand the theoretical background on how information is very vital to efficiency.

The study would enable them to start off well when establishing or when heading an enterprise and its organization structure. As regards to those who are already managers, the study would help them to achieve their goal if they have not or to improve on their performance if they are just on the average.

1.7      SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The researcher has a wide coverage in mind, which includes organization of all sorts such as academic institution as well as profitable organization. For this research, the researcher would limit the scope to one of the leading noodles industry in this country, Northern Noodles, Kaduna State.

1.8.     STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY

The study is organized into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introductory and background of the study, while chapter two focuses on literature review which examines a review of existing relevant literatures on communication. The third chapter present the research methodology which dwells on methods of collection of data, analysis and interpretation. In chapter four we have the data presentation and analysis all will be treated while the chapter five contains the summary and recommendation.

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