THE EFFECT OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON THE MORAL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

THE EFFECT OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON THE MORAL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the study

In this part of the world a careful observer would agree that it is not uncommon new that that which we refer to as good physical conditions in our working environment has always been mistaken which ought to be in our working place. To this effect one need not to wonder why entrepreneur and institutions, management has always failed in their duties to proving these basic needs to their workers. The functions of personnel management extend to recruitment and training of workers, which the secretary is a part of. It is obvious to everybody that the work of a secretary is very delicate and confidential, and as such, a healthy environment is necessary enable the secretary operates effectively.   A secretary whose office is equipped with communication gadgets as telephones, fax etc cooling gadgets, as fans, air conditions, fridge etc including execrative upholstery chairs and table is therefore regarded as an extra senior service worker by her unfortunate colleagues who unknowingly or out of ignorance does not know that they deserve more than mentioned above for maximum productivity but rather retard progress thereby constitution a cry in the wheel of progress of such as establishment. An understanding of effect of office environment in enhancing the secretary’s morals is necessary in every organization, he/she is an indispensable staff and as such, management should place high priority on work motivation. This influences the amount of work, interest and happens of secretaries. The provision of adequate and proper physical conditions in the office cannot be over emphasized.  Secretaries tend to be happier when they work in a quiet, cool and inspiring environment, but they are unhappy and suffers from mental strain when the physical conditions are poor or inadequate. Physical conditions refer to those things in the office that enable workers to work for periods without fatigue and distraction, so that work can be carried out effectively and efficiently. It should be bone in mind that most office work is as the accounts clerks job of putting figures together or the secretary’s job and others. However, the increasing sophistication of modern office machines and self awareness towards the maintenance of a more co-operate image have resulted in management looking more critically at the environment of secretaries work place “in encyclopedia”. The term secretary is derived from a Latin word “secrtarum” which means a confidential office. He is one ot whom secrets are entrusted and he has to maintain secrecy of the work he deals with. According to Act, 1980. sec 2 (45) states that a secretary means “one whose office is to write for another; especially one who is employed to conduct correspondence, to keep records and to transactrarions other business for another person or for a society, corporation or public body.” “Environment” in the management context consists of office building the furniture and layout, the physical conditions under which secretaries operate, lighting, ventilation, decoration, sound, proof, safety measure and so on. The influence of work environment on secretaries has become so recognized that management now calls it science of “ergonomics”. Experience has shown that secretaries cannot be happy if the ventilation is poor. Work is likely to suffer and in accuracy would result if the lighting is poor. The noise from machine and visitors constitute a barrier to a secretary’s efficiency. Example of an ideal office should be measured with that of the secretary to director Nigeria Bottling Company Plc Enugu. All these have strong bearing on the secretary morale and work productivity. The promulgation of the office, shops and railways premises Act of 1963, is a milestone in the advancement of good working condition. Management therefore has duty of providing a comfortable environment which is pleasure and conducive.

1.2      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The secretary no doubt occupies a very important position in an organization and her inability to discharge her duties very well has an adverse effect on the image of the organization. Also a secretary’s moral boosted by the type of environment she works in. therefore, for a secretary to be able to perform her duties efficiently and effectively, she should be provided with a pleasant and conducive environment to work in. Presently, there are many problems encountered by secretaries with regards to their environment, and other facts like poor physical conditions in an office, lack of private office. Secretaries in business organization share offices with other staff. Sometimes, where one is lucky to be assigned any, there is always no privacy. In some organization, a secretary may be lucky to have a private office, but that office will be an entrance to his / her boss’s office. The study is to investigate the effect of poor conditions and lack of offices, how it affects the productivity of the secretary and find ways of enhancing her productivity.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study is meant to investigate the following.

1.   To ascertain the effect of the depressing and unstimulating nature of the office on the morals and productivity of the secretary.

2.   To ascertain the effect of the physical factors such as office surroundings on the secretary’s morals to work.

3.   To ascertain the importance of providing a good proper working environment for the secretary.

4.   To ascertain the problems caused by lack of these good physical condition on the secretary productivity.

5.   Finally, to see to what extent the office environment affects the concentration of the secretary.

1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher; 

H0: there is no effect of the physical factors such as office surroundings on the secretary’s morals to work.

H1: there is effect of the physical factors such as office surroundings on the secretary’s morals to work.

H02: there are no problems caused by lack of this good physical condition on the secretary productivity.

H2: there are problems caused by lack of this good physical condition on the secretary productivity.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Some organization does not realize that the environment under which their business operation has anything to do with the secretary’ job performance. Their belief is that only the motivational incentives administered adequately will confluence the secretary’s job performance. This study will benefit management readers or the staff counterparts responsible for improving secretarial service operations by helping them using the items. A management can usually benefit by holding all aspects service system operations up to standard. It will also benefit future secretaries of Nigeria Bottling Company (NBC). It hoped that the management will improve the office conditions of the secretaries, so that the secretary will have cause to smile broadly and improve in their productivity. For other employers of labour, this should help them to know better how their work will fit into a production environment, and the environmental considerations that should be studied when planning for personnel includes the physical element of lighting and the whole subject of design. The result help to establish a realistic / service having a guide to management responsibilities as a background for analysis. This study will benefit both the management and secretaries to improve their productivity

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

A lot of organizations are now aware that secretaries need to be settled comfortably in order to ensure high productivity in the organization. Much has been said and written about the best way to ensure secretary’s high job performance and many people have argued that those secretaries have to be adequately motivated in order to ensure effective job performance on their part. They outlined such motivational incentives as increase in salaries and wages, prior son of certain social amenities such as free medical facilities, ensuring effective job performance among the secretaries and workers in general. All those motivational incentives no debt facilitates high job performance among secretaries, but it depends on the environmental factors affecting the organization. The study therefore, be of immense value to the management of Nigeria Bottling Company and PZ Company Services as well as other organizations and also to the secretaries at large, especially those who do not recognize that he environment under which the organization operate will in any way affect their performance. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

 a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study 

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities. 

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

SECRETARY: A secretary is the image make of any organization for without a secretary, an organization is incomplete. According to Barrister N. A. Obodo 1998 He defined secretary as an executive assistance who secretary as an executive assistance who possesses the mastery of skills, who demonstrate ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, who exercise initiative and judgment, who make decision within the scope of assigned authority. In enclopedea, the term secretary is derived from a Latin word “secreterum” which means a confidential officer. He is one to whom secrets are entrusted and he has to maintain secrecy of the work he deals with.

OFFICEIn every well organized business there is the need for the record of its activities to be kept and protected. It is the office that such activities are carried out and its records kept.

The term “office” was defined firstly by Geoffery Whitehead, as a room or building where clerical processes are carried out to start, develop and control the many activities of business. Ronald Warson et al, defined the office as “the place where information is received sorted, acted upon, file and passed on”.

OFFICE ENVIRONMENTEnvironment consists of the office building, its furniture and layout as well as the physical conditions under which workers do the jobs, it is also concerned with the external factors as the business which the office services, the industry or other activities within which business lies, the custom and laws of the community within which business operates. These environment factors are always changing and the office must react to change with them.

When we are talking about office environment, we talk about physical things in an environment. What you can see, something that enable you to work fine. Cleanliness of a place, or duty environment.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study       


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