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ABSTRACT
Anti-hyperlipidemic potential of extracts (aqueous, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and
70%, acetone) of Vitexdoniana leaves, stem bark and root bark on poloxamer 407
induced hyperlipidemic and normal rats was investigated. Phytochemical screening of the
extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and
tannins in the leaves, stem bark and root bark. The average total polyphenol contents of
the leaves ethanol (36.11±3.13mg/g gallic acid) and methanol (35.75±1.72mg/g gallic
acid) extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared with that of acetone and
aqueous extracts. The IC50of the leaves ethanol extract (0.227mg/ml) was lowerthan that
ofstem bark ethanol extract (0.236mg/ml) and root ethanol extract (0.561mg/ml).
Screening the extracts for the most potent anti-hyperlipidemicactivityreveals that
ethanolic extracts of root bark and leaveshas the highest percentage reduction of total
cholesterol (51.98%) and triacylglycerol (50.75%) respectively. The most abundant
phytochemical in the most potent extract is flavonoid (4.605±0.077%) in the leaves and
the least is tanins (0.035±0.008%) in the root bark extract. The LD50 of both leaves and
stem bark was greater than 5000mg/kg body weight and that of root bark was 948.68
mg/kg body weight. Hyperlipidemic control rats significantly (p<0.05) increased total
Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL-c)
andsignificantly (p<0.05) decreased High density lipoprotein (HDL-c) compared to other
groups.Atherogenic risk factor of all induced treated rats shows a significant (p<0.05)
lower levels of LDL-c/HDL-c, Log (TAG/HDL-c) and significant (p<0.05) higher level
of HDL-c /TC ratio. There was no significant (p>0.05) change between normal control
rats and normal treated rats in lipid profile parameters and atherogenic indices. The level
vii
of liver marker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and liver function parameter (TB, IB) were
significantly (p<0.05)higher, and lower (TB, DB) in hyperlipidemic control groups
compared to all other groups. The invivo antioxidant activity shows a significan
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