TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title                                                                                                  Pages

Cover page -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  i

Title Page    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  ii

Certification                   -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  iii

Dedication  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  iv

Acknowledgements                 -        -        -        -        -        -        v

Abstract      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  vi

Table of Contents -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  vii-

CHAPTER ONE

 Introduction        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  1

1.1 Background to Study        -        -        -        -        -                  1

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem      -        -        -                  4

1.3 Aim and Objectives -        -        -        -        -        -                  4

1.4 Research Question   -        -        -        -        -        -                  5

1.5 Hypothesis of the Study             -        -        -        -        -                  5

1.6 Significance of the Study   -        -        -        -        -                  5

1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study    -        -        -                  6

1.8 Organization of the Study -        -        -        -        -                  6       

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  8

 Introduction        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  8

2.2 Risk Identification   -        -        -        -        -        -                  13

2.3 Risk Classification   -        -        -        -        -        -                  15

2.3.1controllable and Uncontrollable Risk -        -        -                  18

2.3.2 Pure Risk and Speculative Risk         -        -        -        -                  19

2.3.3 Financial Risks     -        -        -        -        -        -                  19

2.3.4 Construction Risks         -        -        -        -        -        -                  20

2.3.5 Design Risks         -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  21

2.3.6 Environmental Risk       -        -        -        -        -        -                  21

2.3.7 Fundamental Risk and Particular Risk                 -                            22
2.3.8 Dynamic Risk and Static Risk           -        -        -                  22
2.4 Risk Analysis -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  23

2.5   Risk Avoidance     -        -        -        -        -        -                  28

2.6   Risk Transfer         -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  29

2.7 Risk Management    -        -        -        -        -        -                  32

2.8   Risk Management Framework  -        -        -        -                  34

2.9 Contractors’ Pricing          -        -        -        -        -        -                  35

2.10 Pricing Objectives  -        -        -        -        -        -                  36

2.11   Factors Affecting Contractors Tender Estimate   -                  37

2.12 Pricing Decisions   -        -        -        -        -        -                  41

2.13 Pricing Strategies for Tender Estimate         -        -        -                  46

2.14 How contractors include risk in their Bid prices    -                  47

2.15 Risk in Relation to contractors           -        -        -        -                  48

2.16 contractors risk management practices        -        -        -                  49

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology  -        -        -        -        -        -                  50

3.0    Introduction          -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  50

3.1 Area of Study -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  50

3.2   Research Design    -        -        -        -        -        -                  51

3.2.1 Primary Source     -        -        -        -        -        -                  51

3.2.2 Secondary Source -        -        -        -        -        -                  51

 3.3 Population of the Study   -        -        -        -        -                  51

3.4 Sample and Sampling Size          -        -        -        -        -                  52

 3.5 Data Collection       -        -        -        -        -        -                  52

 3.6 Instrument for Data Collection -        -        -        -                  53

3.7 Reliability and Validity of Instrument  -        -        -                  53

3.8 Data Analysis Tools          -        -        -        -        -        -                  53

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data Analysis and Results          -        -        -        -        -                  55

4.1 Introduction   -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  55

4.2 Data presentation and analysis - -        -        -        -                  55

4.2.1 Demographic Analysis   -        -        -        -        -                  56

4.2.2 Examination of the Strategies Used for Contractors’ Tender  64

4.2.3 Identification and assessment of the various risk factor affecting      contractors tender           -        -        -        -        -        -        -        65

4.2.4 Determination of the impact of identified risk on the contractors

          Tender        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        66

4.2.5 Test of Hypothesis         -        -        -        -        -        -                

4.3 Discussion of Finding        -        -        -        -        -                  67

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation      -        -        -                  70

5.1 Introduction   -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  70