CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Qualitative education remains the fulcrum for global development and freedom. Therefore all hands must be on deck worldwide to formulate policies that will enhance qualitative education right from elementary school to tertiary institution, and continuous effective monitoring must be well established to check all factors that may frustrate this global pursuit. Hence, most societies require children to attend school for specified number years or until they reach a certain age. Many of the benefits of schooling occur in part because students learn some new knowledge or skills that enhance their ability to communicate solve problem and make decision.

Academic achievement of students especially at the school any school level is not only a pointer to the effectiveness or otherwise of schools but a major determinant of future of youths in particular and the nation in general the medium through which the attainment of individuals and the nation.

Educational goals ca be achieved is leaning. Learning outcomes have becomes a phenomenon of interest to all and this account for the reasons why scholars have been working hard to un-raved factors that militate against good academic performance  (Aremu and Sokan, 2002). This phenomenon has been variedly refereed to in literature as an academic achievement, or scholastic functioning. Academic achievement of learners has attracted attention of scholars, parents, policy makers and planners.

In attempt of put sound education on ground world wide, many factors have been incriminated as being responsible for falling standard of education where it is responsible for falling standard of education where it is perceived and established. Among such factors is the issue of “class size”. Adeyemi (2008) defined class size as an educational tools that can be described as an average number of student per class in a school. While Hoffman (1980) described it as the number of students per teacher in a class. Kedney (1989) described it as a tool that can be used to measure performance of the education system. A lot of argument has gone on the impact of class size on performance some fingering over bloated class size as the main factor responsible for falling standard of education in Nigeria, however, others see this as mere coincidence seeing other factor as responsible.

Class size is an important factor with respect to academic performance of students achievement decreases as class size increases. The effect of class size on cognitive achievement has been debated and researched for many years, this has been inconclusive. Class size refer to educational number of students per class in a school in emphasizing the importance of class size to the learning teaching process, All Nigerian Conference of Principals of Secondary School (ANCOPSS) recommended a maximum of forty students per class for efficient and effective teaching.

Children engage in many important social relationship are influential within the school contex, Such relationship include peers and teachers. Reavis et al. (2007) argue that one of the most important indicators of student’s success in school is his/her ability to learn, process and retain information taught in the classroom (what is referred to as academic success) it is wisely acknowledged that early contributors to students academic outcomes are important since only early academic performance has repercussions on late development including later academic success and achievement as well as potential career opportunities.

A large number of research studies demonstrate that teacher can motivate their students to perform well in the classroom if they take time to build strong relationship and interact within the students (Diedrich, 2010). Further research also indicates that teachers must also strongly believe that building relationship is essential to the motivation process (Whitetaker, 2004). This author emphasizes on the need to capitalize on these beliefs as a way of enhancing student academic performance.

Although study findings demonstrate that teachers to student interaction, impact on students academic achievement, many parent do not appreciate close teacher to student relationship as necessary. Most argue that an effective curriculum is what matter to the success of their children. Studies however shows that for students to effectively learn and retain what is offered by an effective curriculum. They must get positive support from their teachers and this could be possible if they interact and build positive relationships with the teacher. In this eraq, that is characterized by accountability and high stakes testing for both teachers and students, it is imperative to explore evidence to establish the effective teacher to students as a factor in enchasing students academic performance.

Supporter of no child left behind Act (NCLB) argue that the most effective way of improving students performance is to emphasis on test scores. Nevertheless, learning is a continuous process where cognitive as well as social psychological dimension are involved and both process must be considered for academic performance to be fully attained.

This study therefore seeks to examine the roe of teacher to students relationships on students academic performance. Teacher perceptive as well as students perceptions about interaction between teachers and students, how these affect the academic performance of student will be explored.

Statement of the problem

Noddings (2005) it is widely accepted that teachers can make or breaks a students, ability to enjoy school and achieve academic success. This power that teachers have should be taken seriously. This is particularly important as one of the most pressing issue today is the overwhelming presence of unmotivated students in school, sometimes in spite of the vast resources as well as continuous effects the school districts make. In the various reforms in curriculum the legislative mandates such as The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act and educational movement including creation of professional learning communities and smaller school students are required to apply skills that only the teacher can provide it is necessary that teacher help students progress in their academic performance. Teachers need to apply positive reinforce through interaction and the influence the students to set higher goals and help them work towards achieving these goals. Relationship could break the students and demoralize them obtaining evidence on the effect of teacher to students, relationship on the academic performance of students is therefore vital. Schooling has multiple purposes for instance higher levels of schooling are associated with higher earing and economic mobility, better health, lower mortality rates and greater participation in the leadership process in one’s immediate and the global community. In an attempt to put sound education on ground worldwide, many factor have been incriminated as being responsible for falling standard of education where it is perceived and establishment. Among such as factors is the issues of class size.

Fabunmi, Brai Abu and Adeniyi (2007) pointed that classroom congestion and low utilization rate of classroom are common features of secondary schools in Nigeria. They have negative impact of both secondary school teacher productivity students learning input and thus secondary school students academic performance in participation, poor scholastic achievement can influence the reputation of a school because academic success is associated with the quality of the school. The alarming rate of failure in our secondary schools in highly embarrassing.

In view of the point above the study focuses teachers to students relationship as it correlate with academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria.

Purposes of the study

In this study, the researchers intended to find out the effect of teacher to student relationship on the students academic performance. The researchers wanted to:

1.   Find out the impacts in the academic performance of students with teachers students relationship

2.   To investigate impact on the academic performance of male and female teachers to students relationship

3.   To find out the impact on the academic performance between young and old teacher students relationship.      

Research question

The research seek to provide answer to the following question

1.   What is  the impacts on the academic performance of students with teachers students relationship

2.   What is  the impact on the academic performance of male and female teachers to students relationship

3.   What is  the impact on the academic performance between young and old teacher students relationship.     

Significance of the study

This study is of great importance to Niger and Kaduna state technical colleges in the sense that it tries to investigate the effect of teacher students on students academic performance in technical colleges.

i.             The findings of this study will be immense of benefit to the federal government of Nigeria by helping to improve students teacher relationship through organizing of seminars.

ii.            This findings of this study will also be of benefit to state to establish workshop on way forward for students teacher relationship.

iii.           The findings of this study will be benefit to students to improve on their academic performance.

Delimitation of the study

The study is limited to the effect of teacher student relationship and it effect to their academic performance. This research is also limited to few selected technical colleges in Kaduna and Niger state. Through there are many technical school in this two state mention above.

Operational definition of terms

i.             Teacher: a teacher or school teacher is a person who provides education (education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training or research) for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and on going, carried out at a school or other place of formal education.

ii.            Student: a students is a learner or someone who attends an educational institution

iii.           Performance: performance is described as the accomplishment of a given task measured against pre-set known standard of accuracy, completeness, cost and speed.

iv.          Relationship: means and interaction between individual which ca be expressed as friendship, affection, frequency of meeting, co-operation and open communication.

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