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INTRODUCTION
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited disorders of the beta-hemoglobin chain. Normal hemoglobin has 3 different types of hemoglobin – hemoglobin A, A2, and F. Hemoglobin S in sickle cell disease contains an abnormal beta globin chain encoded by a substitution of valine for glutamic acid on chromosome 11 (Bunn,2007). This is an autosomal recessive disorder. Sickle cell disease refers to a specific genotype in which a person inherits one copy of the HbS gene and another gene coding for a qualitatively or quantitatively abnormal beta globin chain. Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) refers to patients who are homozygous for the HbS gene, while heterozygous forms may pair HbS with genes coding for other types of abnormal hemoglobin such as hemoglobin C, an autosomal recessive mutation which substitutes lysine for glutamic acid. In addition, persons can inherit a combination of HbS and β-thalassemia. The β-thalassemias represent an autosomal recessive disorder with reduced production or absence of β-globin chains resulting in anemia. Other genotype pairs include HbSD, HbSO-Arab and HbSE (Meremiku, 2008).
Sickle hemoglobin in these disorders cause affected red blood cells to polymerize under conditions of low oxygen tension resulting in the characteristic sickle shape. Normal red cells live about 120 days in the blood stream but sickled red cells die after about 10 – 20 days. Because they cannot be replaced fast enough, the blood is chronically short of red blood cells, a condition called anaemia. Aggregation of sickle cells in the microcirculation from inflammation, endothelial abnormalities, and thrombophilia lead to ischemia in end organs and tissues distal to the blockage (Hayes, 2004).
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SIMILAR BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PALM WINE SOLD AT UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
» ABSTRACT This work shows how to identify the various microorganism in palm wine and how to isolate the pathogenic organism in palm wine vie Nkwuenu an...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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2. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED TOMATO PRODUCTS
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Intake of tomato and tomato based products contributes to the absorption of a wide range of carotenoids in human serum an...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 74 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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3. CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON FATTY ACID PROFILE OF MILK FAT (MANSHANU) PRODUCED FROM MILK OF LOCAL COW BREEDS IN ZARIA
» ABSTRACT The consumption pattern and effect of processing on fatty acid profile of milk fat (manshanu) produced from milk of local cow breeds (Bunaji,...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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4. EFFECTS OF KOLAVIRON ON LYMPHOCYTES PROLIFERATION, EXPRESSION OF TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR-2 AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR-C GENES IN Wuchereria ban...
» ABSTRACT The anti proliferative effect and down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C and toll like receptor 2 by kolaviron rich portion ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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5. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCUSSION VERSUS DEMONSTRATION ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION IN CHEMISTRY
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Engagement in meaningful learning is a universal theme advanced in literature on student’s achi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 65 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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6. TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENT OF NEEM LEAVES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA).
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is one of the very few trees known in the Indian subcontinent (Puri, 1999). This tree b...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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7. PRODUCTION OF STARCH FROM CASSAVA (Maihot esculanta) AND ITS CROSS LINKED DERIVATIVES
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Starch can be obtained from cassava, sorghum, maize, sago and potatoes. But this project focused on the production of sta...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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8. ANTI-SCHIZOPHRENIC EFFECT OF METHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT OF INDIGOFERA ARRECTA IN ALBINO MICE
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Overview Psychosis is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by distorted or non existent se...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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9. VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION STUDIES IN BASIL SCENT LEAF (Ocimum gratissimum)
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secreti...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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10. ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOETAL HAEMOGLOBIN LEVELS, MARKERS OF TISSUE DESTRUCTION AND DISEASE SEVERITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SICKLE CELL ...
» ABSTRACT Sickle cell Anaemia is a genetic disorder that leads to the production of Sickle haemoglobin, whichresults in abnormal functions of the red b...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT