CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Through a constant series of research and development, It was suggested that groundwater is among the purest forms of natural occurring water. Hailstorm G., (2008). Therefore the utilization of groundwater has become very pertinent especially in areas where modern purification schemes do not exist.

Underground water is tapped via hand dug wells, cancels and boreholes. Borehole involves the use of drilling rigs reacl. The water bearing strata located several matter below the ground. Canals are cut along designated channels proven to have a lot of near surface underground water occurrence, canals are used mostly for agricultural purposes in Nigeria. Water dug wells data back to the ancient days and has persisted to date as the most reliable and economic source of water for rural and metropolitan dwellers Stiles L, (1998).

Community health schemes in Nigeria have been enhanced by the provision of different hand pump delivered underground water. Some communities have big overhead tanks and the underground water is delivered to such tanks by submersible pumps. In the case both the bacteriological and chemical analysis are done and compared with world health organization standards, to declare the borehole canal or dug well water safe for human consumption.

Borehole are resistance to many forms of natural and man-made disasters. Although the narrow opening at the top of water source or damage to the pump components below ground than what can be seen on the surface.

A borehole is a narrow that bored in the ground either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water, other liquid (such as petroleum) or gasses (such as natural gas), as part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities for geothermal installations, or for e.g in carbon capture and storage Hellstron G; (2008). Borehole is also refers to as hydraulic structure which when properly designed a constructed permits the economic withdrawal of water from an aquifer, Todd D.K (1980).

1.2      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The borehole of the department of agricultural and bio-environmental engineering Kaduna polytechnic was in a bad working condition period infect the cracking, handling has been removed and the chain transmission was rusted due to the action of rainfall on it. Effort where made to make the borehole function able but it was discovered that the depth or the borehole was shallow which resulted in water shortage during day season. It was suggested after geophysical survey that a new borehole should be constructed which was done to the pump mounting level. There is need to distribute the water to points (places) such as the laboratories and departmental lawns by providing pipe network to deliver the water.

Therefore the project is to provide pipe network to deliver water to the overhead tank which supply water to the departmental lawn.

1.3      AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims of this project is to provide water supply pipe line system from the drilled pumped borehole to the departmental building and connect it to a procured overhead tank.

The objectives of the project are :

i.                     To carry out a reconnaissance survey to determine the route and distances of the axillary pipe line system from the borehole to the overhead tank;

ii. To estimate the quantity and types of materials require;

iii. To conduct a market survey to ascertain the cost of the estimated materials;

iv. To procure and install an overhead tank that will be connected to the water supply system;

v. To lay down the axillary pipes from the borehole to the designated point (overhead tank).

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The borehole water of the department will serve as an easiest source of water to the laboratories and lawns will supplement the constant shortage of water from the public water supply system.

Also the borehole water will serve as a source of water to the neighboring departments and medical Centre.

1.5       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this project is limited to providing pipe network from the departmental borehole to the overhead tank that supplies water to the departmental lawns.

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