CHAPTER ONE

1.0              Introduction

1.1              Background of the Study

Agricultural spraying may be termed a process of applying chemicals such as fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides to crop or agricultural product to enhance food production and to have maximum protection against weeds and insects which attack the crops.

Agricultural chemical have an important role in land management and the production of food and fibre production protecting plat from damage caused by insect, pest, weed and diseases.

In most cases, agricultural chemical are referred to as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, pest and animal baits. Many of these chemical are hazardous and present risk to human and animal health. The environment and trade if not used to be regulated and monitored. For centuries, it has been known that some substances are toxic to growing vegetable and in the latter part of the country. It was discovered that some chemicals are selective in their action on plants, or particular chemical considerably. The phenomenon aroused some interest in the possibility of chemical use to control agriculture and horticulture, but comparatively little progress was made until the 1940s when the increase in productivity was a matter of extreme national urgency.

The problems of pest on agricultural crops were know to man since adoptaion to crop production in systematic way. This was an important, effective and fast method of pest and weed control in agricultural production is the chemical control method with the aid of agricultural crop protection implement called sprayers.

The boom and knapsack sprayer is now the most efficient means of applying chemicals such as liquid fertilizer, herbicide and insecticides on the agricultural land before, during and after planting.

The main purpose of spraying agricultural product or plant is “crop protection” and to maximize “food production”. And this  operation include the application of herbicide, pesticide, fertilizer and fungicides.

1.2              Statement of the problem

i.                    Cost of affording a tractor powered boom sprayer

ii.                  Inadequate man-power with skill to operate a tractor powered boom sprayer

iii.                Cost of hiring spraying equipment

iv.                Knapsack sprayer is time consuming and requires a lot of labour to cover large ground

v.                  Shortage in the number of available boom sprayer which lead to long waiting could lead to wasting farming time

1.3              Aims and Objective

The aim of the project is development and testing of a manually operated boom sprayer.

i.                    To fabricate the component of the sprayer

ii.                  To test the efficiency of the boom sprayer

1.4              Scope of he Study

The development and testing of the boom sprayer is aimed at constructing the machine to the department of agricultural and bio-environmental engineering. Hence, this involves cutting, welding and testing of the machine to make sun. It is efficient and delivers good service to farming

1.5              Significant of the Study

i.                    To widen the knowledge of student about boom sprayer, from the construction to the operation of the boom sprayer

ii.                  To bridge the gap between theory and practical

iii.                To be familiar with the components of the boom sprayer 

iv.                To provide a cheaper spraying equipment to the local farmers

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