CHAPTER ONE

1.1              Background of the Study

Water is the most essential commodity for the sustenance of life. Water makes everything grow but, there is a saying “water waters everywhere but not a drop to drink”. It emphasises the importance of portable water. Water for human consumption ought to be pure and wholesome. Water plays an important role in human life not only to survive but comfortable and luxurious (Lal and upadhyay, 2007).

Water is and has been used for human consumption, since ages. Even in ancient cities they were used to be a network of water supply and its proper disposal. Water then was carried through earthen and stone pipes and was usually untreated. But now-a-days the importance of treated water is well understood and it is treated (usually) before supplying it to community. With the advancement in technology, new method of treatment devices have been evolved and are been adopted. Water now-a-days is conveyed through plastic/pvc pipes which are more durable and do not corrode. Different types of pumps have been invented to lift water for supply.

Groundwater is water stored under the surface of the ground in the tiny pore spaces between rock, sand, soil, and gravel.  It occurs in two “zones”: an upper, unsaturated zone where most of the pore spaces are filled with air, and a deeper, saturated zone in which all the pore spaces are filled with water (Mearly, 2009).

Groundwater is that part of the water beneath the surface of the earth that can be collected in wells and boreholes. Groundwater is vital to man for thus reason it should be developed, processes and utilized. A borehole is a hydraulic structure which when properly designed and constructed, permits the economic withdrawal of water from an aquifer. It is sometimes referred to as the accessing of groundwater for use in human day-to-day activities such as domestic use and small irrigation or agricultural lawn.

A water borehole is not just a hole in the ground. It has to be properly designed, professionally constructed and carefully drilled. Boreholes for extracting water consists essentially of a vertically drilled hole, a strong lining to prevent collapse of the walls, which includes a means of allowing clean water to enter the borehole space (screen), surface protection, and a means of extracting water. Drilling by machine is an expensive process, and borehole requires professionals expertise for both their design and construction.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                                                                             

There is no flow of water to the tank in the department. The pipes are damaged which has prevented the flow of water. Most pipes needs replacements and attachments. The departmental lawn also needs water for irrigation. Therefore there is need to install pipe to provide water to the lawn and to other units in the department.

1.3       AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The aim of the work is to install auxiliary water supply network to the tank and to other units in the department from the already constructed borehole in agricultural and bio-environmental engineering department.

1.4       OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT INCLUDES

i.                    Connection of water using pipes, valves, non return valve, abro gum ,one inch pvc socket, thread tapes ,one inch pvc tee, one inch pvc elbow ,one inch pvc union connector, one inch ball gauge etc.

ii.                  To establish a suitable means of exploring and exploiting the sources of groundwater.

iii.                Distribution of water to the tank and to other unit in the department

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The need for pipe installation is to serve as a channel for distribution of water to the tank and other unit in the department and also to other neighbouring departments. It would also serve as a water source to the lawn behind the department.

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The project work is limited to the installation of auxiliary water supply network from source (borehole) using pipes and its development is for future use.

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