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ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to isolate, identify and analyse the distribution of
Enterococci,carry out antibiotic susceptibility test and molecularly detect the presence
of some virulent and antibiotic resistantgenes in the Enterococci isolated from water
samples in Zaria, Kaduna state. A total of two hundred and forty water samples were
collected from different sources including wells, boreholes, tap and vended water
(mairuwa). A total of34Enterococciwere isolated, characterized and identified. The
prevalence ofEnterococcus avium and Enterococcus gallinarum in water were 58% and
24% respectively while Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus cecorum had 12% and
6%each. The mean frequency distribution was calculated using the one way ANOVA
and based on this, the highest source of contamination was from wells, while vended
water (mairuwa) had the least. Zaria city had the highest Enterococci isolates (44%)
followed by Samaru (35%) and then Sabon gari (21%). Isolates had resistanceto the
following antibiotics, Ampicillin 79% (10µg), Vancomycin 62%(30µg), Erythromycin
53%, (15µg), Chloramphenicol 12%, (10µg), Ciprofloxacin 12% (30µg), Tetracycline
12%, (12µg) and Gentamicin 3% (10µg). The result of the molecularscreening for van
A,van B and cyl A genes showed the absence of all the genes in the isolates.The result
of the present study indicatesthat the contamination of water with Enterococci could
predispose to various health issues and pose serious therapeutic challenges due to the
presence of resistance to antibiotics.The provision of proper water management
systems and treated safe water supply to the communities cannot be overemphasized.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcusor enterococci (formerly the „faecal‟ or
Lance field group D streptococci) are ubiquitous microorganisms, but have a
predominant habitat of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Enterococcus
is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the Phylum Firmicutes. Enterococci are Gram-
positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to
distinguish from streptococci on phy
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