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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
Title Page - - - - - - - - i
Dedication - - - - - - - - ii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - iii
Certification - - - - - - - - iv
Table of content - - - - - - - v
List of tables - - - - - - - - ix
List of figures - - - - - - - - xi
Abstract - - - - - - - - xii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Justification - - - - - - - - - 6
1.2 Aims and objectives - - - - - - - - 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review - - - - - - - - - 7
2.1 Length- weight relationship - - - - - - - 7
2.3 Size - - - - - - - - - - 8
2.4 Condition factor - - - - - - - - - 9
2.5 Food and feeding habit - - - - - - - - 9
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method - - - - - - - - 12
3.1 Study area - - - - - - - - - - 12
3.2 Procurement of fish sample - - - - - - - 12
3.3 Preservation - - - - - - - - - 13
3.4 Fish sample identification and measurement - - - - - 13
3.5 Abundance of fish species - - - - - - - 14
3.5.1 Relative abundance - - - - - - - 14
3.5.2 Index of preponderance - - - - - - - - 14
3.5.3 Length-weight relationship and Abundance - - - - - 15
3.5.4 Condition factor - - - - - - - - - 16
3.6 Analysis of the gut - - - - - - - - 16
3.6.1 Numerical abundance method - - - - - - - 17
3.6.2 Frequency of occurrence method - - - - - - 17
3.6.3 Relative frequency - - - - - - - - 17
3.6.4 Index of food dominance - - - - - - - 18
3.6.5 Index of relative importance - - - - - - - 18
3.6.6 Gastrostomatic index - - - - - - - - 19
3.6 7 Gut repletion index - - - - - - - - 19
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result - - - - - - - - - - 20
4.1 Fish species composition - - - - - - - - 20
4.2.3 Seasonal abundance - - - - - - - - 24
4.3 Condition factor - - - - - - - - - 27
4.4 Length-weight relationship - - - - - - - 28
4.4.1 B and r values - - - - - - - - - 28
4.5 Dietary spectra - - - - - - - - - 34
4.5.1 Size variation - - - - - - - - - 39
4.5.2 Feeding activity - - - - - - - - - 39
4.5.3 Fish diet composition - - - - - - - - 39
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion - - - - - - - - - - 51
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 57
REFERENCE - - - - - - - - - 60
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Monthly Abundance of Fish Species Sampled in Ibaka, of the coast of the
Cross River estuary, southern, Nigeria. - - - - - 23
Table 2: Species composition by weight and length and number, condition factor and
Index of Preponderance fish species sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the
Cross River estuary, Southern Nigeria. . - - - - - 25
Table 3: Length-weight relationship indices of fish species sampled in Ibaka,
Cross River estuary, Nigeria. . - - - - - - 29
Table 4: Number of specimen examined, specimen with food, specimen without food
and their percentages, of fish sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross
River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - - 35
Table 5: Percentage total stomach fullness of the fish species sampled in Ibaka, off the
coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. . - - - - 41
Table 6: Monthly Categorization of Percentage Fullness of the Fish species Sampled in
Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Ibaka Southern Nigeria- - 36
Table 7: Gut repletion index, average gut fullness, mean gastrostomatic index (%),
and the feeding activity fish species sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the
Cross River estuary, Ibaka Southern Nigeria. - - - - 37
Table 8: Table showing index of food dominance for Chrisichthyes nigrodigitatus fish
sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - 42
Table 9: Table showing index of food dominance for Pentanemus quinquarius fish
sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - 43
Table 10: Table showing index of food dominance for Trichurus lepturus fish sampled
in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - - 44
Table 11: Table showing index of food dominance for Mugil cephalus fish sampled
in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - - 45
Table 12: Table showing index of food dominance for Ephippion guttifer fish sampled
in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - - 46
Table 13: Table showing index of food dominance for Sardinella rouxi fish sampled
in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - - 47
Table 14: Table showing index of food dominance for Polydactylus quandrifilis fish
sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - 48
Table 15: Table showing index of food dominance for Pseudotolitus elongatus fish
sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Ibaka Southern
Nigeria. - - - - - - - - - 49
Table 16: Table showing index of food dominance for Pseudotolitus senegalensis fish
sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - 50
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Cross River estuary, showing the study site. - - - ` 15
Figure 2: Numerical composition of fish species sampled in Ibaka, Cross River
estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - - 21
Figure 3: Seasonal Abundance of Fish Species sampled in Ibaka, off the coast of the Cross
River estuary, Southern Nigeria. - - - - - - 24
Figure 4: Length-weight Relationship of Pseudotolitus Senegalensis in Ibaka, off the
coast of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria.- - - - - 30
Fig 5: Length-weight relationship of Ephippion guttifer in Ibaka, off the coast of
the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - 30
Fig 6: Length-weight relationship of Pentanemus quinquarius in Ibaka, off the coast
of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - 31
Fig 7: Length-weight relationship of Pseudotolitus elongates in Ibaka, off the coast of
the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - 31
Fig 8: Length-weight relationship of Chrisichthyes nigrodigitatus in Ibaka, off the coast
of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - 32
Fig 9: Length-weight relationship of Polydactylus quandrifilis in Ibaka, off the coast
of the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. - - - - - - 32
Fig 10: Length-weight relationship of Trichirus lepturus in Ibaka off the coast of
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