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ABSTRACT
In this study, the researcher setnut to examine the role of the media
in the crusade against global terrorism. Towards achieving this end, 79
staff of two media houses in Nigeria, namely the publishers of the
punch and vanguard newspapers were used as the study sample. These 89
members of the study sample were given 89 copies of structured
questionnaires to complete. The analysis of their responses led to the
following findings.
i. The Nigeria media had been playing notable
role in the crusade or war against global terrorism. Some of these roles
include the publication/reporting of informative and up-to-date news on
the dangers of terrorism; the making of compassionate appeals to
terrorists to desist from such devilish acts and the exposing of the
hideouts of some notorious terrorists.
ii. The Nigerian media had,
through their activities, made positive impact as regards reducing the
incidence of global terrorism.
iii. Through their anti-terrorism
crusade, the Nigerian media has discouraged terrorists from using the
country as their hideouts.
On the basis of the above findings, the
researcher recommended that, in order to enhance the anti-terrorism
campaign of the Nigerian media, the government should subsidize the cost
of printing/publishing materials (such as ink, paper, and lithographic
machines, the printing press etc). the researcher also recommended that
the government should improve the nation’s broadcasting infrastructure
such as the transmitters and the satellite. In addition, media
practitioners in the country are enjoined (urged) to intensify their
efforts to ensure that they report up-to-date news on terrorism.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In
the late 1980’s, terrorism appeared to be on the decline. However, a
new breed of terrorists has emerged, particularly from the Middle East
countries, (Arata, 2001:52). It is important to note that the present –
day terrorist threat comes primarily from extremists who have
established their own funding networks through traffic in drugs,
private-business, independent wealth, charities and local financial
support. Also these terrorists had continued to be as ruthless as ever
(Eze, 200:67).
Nsidi (2002:61) reported that recent years saw a proliferation of senseless act of terrorism.
Some of these acts of terrorism, as reported in the Nigerian media include the following:-
1. The bombing of Israel: Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina in March 12, 1992.
2. The release of the deadly serin gas onto the Tokyo (Japan) subway trains on March 20, 1995.
3. The bombing of a federal building at Oklahona – City (U.S.A) in April 1995.
4. The bombing of a bank in Colombo (Srilanka) in January 31, 1996 by ethnic terrorists.
5. The detonation of a bomb in a parking garage by Irish terrorists in London (English) on February 9, 1996.
6. The blowing up of a bus in Jerusalem (Israel) by a suicide bomber on February 25, 1996.
7. The explosion of a bomb outside a U.S. military housing facility in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia in June 25,1995.
8. The bombing of the World Trade Centre (WTC) Building in New York (U.S.A.) on September 11, 2001.
9. The various Christian – Moslem riots of (1997, 1999, 2000 and 2002) in Nigeria, among others.
In
general, terrorists seem to exhibit less restraint than they did in the
past. There is also new choices of weapons at the disposal of the
terrorists. According to Udoji (2001:66):
“…. We live in an age of unimaginable – rage and apocalyptic arsenals – nuclear, chemical and biological”.
Extremists
who want to make a greater impression are turning to the more lethal
weapons that technology has made available. According to Williams
(2001:43) these extremists are usually recruited from the following
countries.
1. Iraqi
2. Palestine
3. Afghanistan
4. North Korea
5. Syria
6. Saudi Arabia
7. Libya
8. Iran
9. Russia
10. Indonesia
The
attack on the World Trade Centre ( in New York city, USA) and on the
Pentagon ( in Washington d.C.) in September 11, 2001 dramatically showed
that there exists nothless and hate driven people bent on the mass
destruction of human life. Further, the attacks proved that the United
States and by extension, every other nation are vulnerable to such
attacks. This implies that we live in a world where determined
terrorists can in an instant, snuff out the lives of thousands of people
(Okeke, 2001:49).
In the Nigeria context, terrorism manifests in the
form of religions wars, Civil unrest’s and ethnic wars. During such
wars, the manner of senseless killings, the setting of such incidents,
the style of the reprisals that often follow such incidents, the
provocative sectional reports in the media and the withdrawal attitudes
of certain major groups in the group, often bear close resemblance’s to
the events that precluded the country’s 1967 – 1970 Civil War (Igwe,
2002:41). The fallout’s (refugees in their own lands, bereaved families,
hapless victims, shattered business) often provide old wounds and
revoke memories of the fate that has been the consequence of such
violent uprisings. In all cases after the dust had settled, with an
anti-riot security men quelling the riots with Lunatic brutality that
often escalate the death tolls, the victims are usually left their
sorrows. Such dark events, which often occur in Nigeria, have created
more destitute and socially disclosed victims than the Nigeria
leadership has imagined (Ndu, 2001:59).
In the Nigeria case, usually
after the fire-brigade approach of arresting the situation that ends
with the inauguration of judicial panels and ad-hoc committees (whose
white papers are a subject of controversy). The government reaction, at
best is usually the pronouncement of policy statements that hardly ever
translate into meaningful action.
The victims have often had to carry
their burden and their cross in perpetual life of agony. The so-called
rehabilitation and reconstruction measures often get droned in the murky
waters of Nigeria sectional and tribal politics (Adindu, 2002:46).
The
point to note here is that terrorism, in whatever form, is a threat to
the survival of mankind. This fact is the basis of the crusade means,
had been an important tool for this crusade. Hence the focus of this
researcher is to evaluate the role of the media in this regard.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROEBLEM
Terrorism had been a
matter of global concern since the second half of 25th century. Apart
from some deadly diseases, terrorism is regarded as the greatest threat
to human existence. Hence, all the nations of the world are presently
involved in an untiming crusade to eliminate terrorism in the whole
world.
The mass media had been one of the reliable for waging war
against terrorism. The question then are these what actually are he
contributions of the Nigeria media in the war against terrorism? What
impact had the activities of the media had as regards to reducing the
incidence of terrorist activities in Nigeria? These questions, presented
the problems that necessitated this research.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To identify the roles of the Nigerian media in the war against terrorism.
2. To ascertain the impact of the Nigerian media as regards reducing the incidence of terrorism in the country.
3. To ascertain the effects of the media in influencing the attitude of the masses towards terrorism.
4. To suggest the strategies for making the Nigerian media move effective in waging the war against terrorism.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
This study is guided by the following research questions:
1. What are the roles of the Nigeria media in the war against terrorism?
2. What are the impact of the Nigerian media as regards reducing the incidence of terrorism in the country?
3. What affects has the media in influencing the attitude of the masses towards terrorism?
4. What are the strategies for making the Nigerian media more effective in the crusade against terrorism?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings and
recommendations to be made in this research, if implemented, will go
along way towards fortifying the Nigerian media, particularly as it
concerns the crusade against terrorism. This will help in checking or
preventing the outbreak of terrorist activities within the nation. The
Nigerian citizens will equally benefit from this research. This is
because the implementation of this research’s findings and
recommendations will ensure that the lives and properties of the
followings Nigerian citizens are adequately protected.
1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
findings of this research borders on the media (particularly0 the
Nigeria media) and their contributions towards the global war against
terrorism. This research will be limited to the vanguard and punch
newspapers, which are both published in Nigeria.
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