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Abstract
This study examined the communication channels employed by Taraba State
Government before, during and after 2005 flood disaster in Jalingo metropolis. The
major communication strategies used were identified and their effectiveness evaluated
on the affected communities. The study was premised on risk communication theory
and survey, in-depth-interview and Focus Group Discussion methods were employed to
obtain the data. The Findings show that Radio, television, newspapers and magazines
were the major channels of communication used by Taraba State Government. Among
these communication channels Radio was found to be the major channel of
communication through which quick campaign warning messages were sent to the
people at risk. Likewise, the study found that communication strategies used by Taraba
State Government before, during and after flood disaster on risk campaign awareness
are advocacy visit to the flooded communities and door-to-door strategies. Against this
background door-to-door communication is considered a very good medium for
communicating disaster information in the studied area. Finally the study recommends
that the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) be more effectively funded and
equipped with state of the arts equipment’s to meet national/international disaster
response standards, so that it can more effectively respond to the ever changing
challenges on natural disaster management.
xi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Nigeria like most other countries of the world is faced with increasing threat of
natural disasters from flooding epidemic. In the last three decades, the impact of
flooding have increasingly assumed from significant to threating proportion.
Resulting in loss of lives, collapse of buildings/bridges destroyed farmlands, causing
water shortages, affecting human health among other. The case is similar in Taraba
state, the 2005 flood disaster have serious social and economic impacts on the
community. Flood disaster affects people’s lives and livelihoods in many ways;
according to Bantaje (2005) about one hundred (100) people were feared dead
during the flood, particularly during the collapse of the Nukkai Bridge.
While Taraba Television (TTV) reported that property worth millions of Naira were
destroy in the August 7th, 2005 flood, farmlands running into thousands hectares of
land were destroyed. It was also reported that the rainfall drowned several people
that were on the bridge when the bridge was submerged by the flood. About twenty
six (26) bodies were recovered which includes the body of an Assistant
Commissioner of Police who died in the case of persuading victims to vacate the
bridge. Although Jalingo town is exposed to flood every year but 2005 and 2011 is
more severe; flood occurrence is always associated with topography of the area
which is an undulating plain interrupted in place by low rising hills and traversed by
two different rivers as well as the poor/inadequate drainage network within the
town. This has been a source of worry and challenge to the government at various
levels. Ochongor and Konye in Tsegyu (2015) report on the impact of
1
communication plays as a major role in the enlightenment and education of the
populace about the menace of disaster either to accept or reject any government
initiative or programme. As such Mass Media no doubt, is the fulcrum on which
awareness campaign on the menace of natural disaster (flood) is disseminated to the
target audience. At all times, members of the public need to be aware of the realities
of their environment and what happens within the environment attaining this desire
is the whole essence of public enlightenment. Communication is the means by
which the public are linked to the updates in the society. For this to be successfully
achieved the citizenry should be kept abreast of the goings-on in the society. One of
the ways of achieving this is through public enlightenment. Public enlightenment
enables the public to know their right, obligations and duties among other things.
For public enlightenment to be effective, the source must address the issues through
appropriate content, message structure and effective delivery.
1.2 Statement of Research Problem
Natural disasters come without warning and they cause widespread devastation like
economic damage and loss of thousands of human lives globally. For instance in Jalingo
metropolis, the 2005 flood disaster has caused extensive socio-economic dislocation
with catastrophic consequences ranging from loss of lives and destruction of human
habitation, Agricultural produce, water resources, terrestrial ecosystem, and biodiversity
and affecting human health among others. Nevertheless, a study conducted in Jalingo
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