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Introduction
Biology is an incredibly fascinating field of study, because it is so
fundamental to our world. Biology plays a role in everyone’s lives and
touches almost every aspect of our existence in some way. Biological
Science Laboratory Apparatus is essential for meeting our basic needs of
food, clothing, shelter, health, energy, clean air, water and soil.
Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus enrich the quality of life in
numerous ways by providing new solutions to problems in health and
materials and energy usage. Biology as one of the major sciences is
concerned with the composition, structure and properties of matter, as
well as the changes it undergo during chemical reactions in the human
body. The reason is that science can exert a dominant, if not decisive
influence on the life of individuals as well as on the developmental
effort of a nation. (Emoron, 1958) the universal recognition of the
above submission is responsible for the prime position that has been
accorded since and in particular, Biology worldwide. If biology is so
important to the life of individuals and the nation, then the input into
teaching and learning of Biology to enhance greater performance by the
students should be of great concern but in the real sense reverse is the
case. The Government policy that admission into the universities should
be 60% of sciences and applied sciences and 40% arts and social
sciences are often times not accomplished because there are not enough
students opting for science related courses. Despite the importance of
Biology to mankind and the efforts of researchers to improve its
teaching and learning using Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus, the
achievement of students in the subject remain low in Nigeria. Among the
factors that have been identified as responsible for the observed trend
and relevant to this study are laboratory inadequacies. (Okegbile,
1996, Raimi, 1998; Bajah, 1999 and Adeyegbe, 2005)The National Policy on
Education (NPE, 2004) devoted section 11 of the policy on educational
services which according to the document is meant to “facilitate the
implementation of education policy…and make learning experiences more
meaningful for the students”. The policy goes on to specify measures in
achieving the above objectives through the establishment of teachers
resource centers, educational resource centers, science and mathematics
centers and workshops. More so, modern Science curricula stress
students’ involvement in Science activity and teachers’ use of pedagogy
that moves away from teacher-dominated to student-centered. Empirical
studies within and outside Nigeria have established that students
achieve greater learning both in cognitive and psychomotor domain when
resources are used for instructional purposes, (Ifeakor, 2006).
The indispensability of the Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus to
the teaching of biology cannot be over emphasized. Science laboratory is
an important component in the learning of science subjects but it
depends upon the degree to which it is efficiently used, only the
availability of Science laboratory is not a guarantee of students’
performance until both the students and teachers actually use Biological
Science Laboratory Apparatus facilities efficiently (Lewin, 2000).
The proper use of laboratory and demonstration of experiments are the
indicators of student performance. Science laboratories are important
only when they are used in the school setting. If Science laboratories
are provided to schools, there are three possibilities that they remain
unused, used inefficiently and used efficiently. Furthermore, Science
laboratories are provided to schools with deficient quality and less
quantity of equipments, apparatus, materials, and chemicals owing to
limited funds. However, Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus may
contribute to higher level of academic achievement if used effectively
and properly with national commitment. Hofstein and Mamlok-Naaman
(2007) described the concept of the use of science laboratory in these
words: “Over the years, many have argued that science cannot be
meaningful to students without worthwhile practical experiences in the
school laboratory”. Unfortunately, the terms ‘school laboratory or lab
and practical’have been used, too often without precise definition, to
embrace a wide array of activities. Typically, the terms have meant
experiences in school settings where students interact with materials to
observe and understand the natural world. Some laboratory activities
have been designed and conducted to engage students individually, while
others have sought to engage students in small groups and in large-group
demonstration settings.
Teacher guidance and instructions have ranged from highly structured and
teacher centered to open inquiry. The terms have sometimes been used to
include investigations or projects that are pursued for several weeks,
sometimes outside the school, while on other occasions they have
referred to experiences lasting 20 minutes or less. Sometimes laboratory
activities have incorporated a high level of instrumentation, and at
other times the use of any instrumentation has been meticulously
avoided.
According to Raimi (2002) and Adeyegbe (2005), laboratory adequacy was reported to affect the performance of students in biology. Likewise, about the use of laboratory, Farounbi (1998) argued that students tend to understand and recall what they see more than what they hear. Students see when they actually use laboratories in the teaching and learning of science. Similarly, Adesoji and Olatunbosun (2008) found that laboratory adequacy was also found to enhanced achievement through attendance at Biology workshop.
Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus is a very important resource input for teaching science and is an important predictor of academic achievement. Throwing more light on school facilities and moral guiding provision, Fabunmi (1997) asserted that school facilities when provided will aid teaching learning programme and consequently improve academic achievement of students while the models guiding their provision to schools could take any form as rational bureaucratic and or political model. Whichever model is adopted, according to him, there is always a common feature of differing allocation of facilities to schools. In his words, Ojoawo (1990), however, noted that certain schools are favoured.
The teaching and learning of Biology demand lots of time, and a lot
of hard work in the area of practical and experimentation. Hence, there
is need to carried out an investigation on The Importance of Biological
Science Laboratory Apparatus in the Teaching of Biology in Senior
Secondary Schools; A Study of Selected Secondary Schools in Ijebu Ode,
Ogun Statein order to determine their effects on students achievement in
Senior Secondary School Biology
1.2 Statement of the problem
The study and mastery of Biology is a major objective of Nigeria
education. The achievement of this objectives requires the concern of
both the government and private owners of schools in collaboration with
classroom teachers. There is a great need for proper provision and
Biology science Laboratory Apparatus in the Teaching of Biology also
utilization of instructional materials in order to achieve the objective
of the emphasis laid on theimportance of biological science laboratory
apparatus in the teaching of biology in senior secondary schoolsat all
levels of our educational system.
Provision and improvisation of Biology science Laboratory Apparatus and
their proper utilization in delivering instructional on biology lesson,
undoubtedly will improve the teaching and learning outcome of the
subject and the learners.
Despite the consensus on the importance and place of biology in teaching
of Biology, there is a glaring absence of these materials and poor
utilization by teachers. The resultant effects of the absence of these
Biology science Laboratory Apparatus and their poor utilization on
students include mass failure in Biology examination in most schools.
The problem of this study therefore is the extent of the importance of
biological science laboratory apparatus in the teaching of biology in
senior secondary schools; a study of selected secondary schools in ijebu
ode, ogun state. In other words, are the biological science laboratory
apparatus in the teaching of biology in public secondary schools
availability and utilized?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of importance of
biological science laboratory apparatus in the teaching of biology in
senior secondary schools; a study of selected secondary schools in ijebu
ode, ogun state.
Specifically, the study sought to determined:
i. The biological science laboratory apparatus in the teaching of biology secondary schools in ijebu ode, ogun state.
ii. The extent to which the Biology teachers in secondary schools in
ijebu ode, ogun state, Biological science laboratory apparatus.
iii. The factors militating against the effective utilization of biological science laboratory apparatus
iv. The strategies for achieving more effective utilization of biological science laboratory apparatus
1.4 Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will improve the extent to which the
government and private owners of secondary schools provide and
biological science laboratory apparatus for teaching of Biology. The
teacher’s efforts at improvisation and utilization of these biological
science laboratory apparatus will endear the subject of Biology to
students of Biology to students.
It will also help to find out some of the factors that hinder the
utilization of biological science laboratory apparatus. The rate at
which students record and their performance improved. The society at
large will also enjoy the services of well trained and capable users of
this allbiological science laboratory apparatus.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The study was limited to the importance of biological science laboratory
apparatus in the teaching of biology in senior secondary schools; a
study of selected secondary schools in ijebu ode, ogun state.
1.6 Research Questions
For the successful completion of the study, the following research question were formulated
1) What is the importance of biological science laboratory in teaching biology in ijebu ode, Ogun state?
2) How has biology teachers in Ogun state, been able to utilized laboratory apparatus?
3) What are the factors militating against the effective utilization of biological science laboratory apparatus?
4) What are the strategies for achieving more effective utilization of biological science laboratory apparatus?
1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H0:There is no significance difference of the use of biological science
laboratory apparatus in the teaching of biology secondary schools in
ijebu ode, ogun state Anambra.
H1: There is no significance provision and proper utilization of
biology laboratory apparatus by teachers in secondary schools in ijebu
ode, Ogun state
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
There are some constraints to this study, they include:
The restriction of the sample for this study to only government owned
secondary schools, ijebu ode, ogun state, constitutes a limitation to
the study.
A more comprehensive view of the study would have been obtained if the
study had included in its scope, all the Biology teachers in other
private schools in ijebu ode, Ogun state and in other local government
areas of the states in the federation.
However, these observed limitations do not constitute a constraint
to the authencity, validity and generalization of findings from the
study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
1. Instructional Materials: they are non- human resources which are
helpful to the teachers and students for effective learning.
2. Educational Media: these are materials that can be used to record,
store, preserve, transmit or retrieve information for educational
purpose.
3. Utilization: this is the act of using a particular thing to achieve a particular aim.
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