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ABSTRACT
This project work is on pattern of career aspiration
among science students of selected public secondary schools in Shomolu
Local Government Education district area of Lagos State. A random
sampling technique was used to select some schools in Shomolu Local
Education District to ensure true validity of the study and the
necessary data were collected and analyzed. A descriptive survey design
was used, the statistical method used was the Pearson product moment to
determine the pattern of career aspiration among senior secondary school
students of the selected schools based on their academic achievement
and the type of school (based on gender). From the data obtained it was
observed that career aspiration of students towards popular profession
was high as the aspiration of their profession based on their gender and
type of school they attend in terms of gender was observed. It was
observed that boys/male aspires more of mechanical oriented profession
as the females aspires toward emotional and personal relationship
oriented profession. Students academic achievement should be a
determinant of their career aspiration and not the popularity, social
respect and lucrativity of the profession however, gender should also
not be the determinant of career choice of students as observed in the
collected data rather, gender inequality should be exhibited in their
choice of career with this the type of school should not also be a
determinant of their career choice.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Educators
and psychologist continue to ponder on reasons why students are not
doing so well in the science subjects, many factors have been identified
as the cause of this menace both in developing and the developed
countries with the major once being cognitive and non cognitive. More
attention is still required on these factors so as to maintain and
improve on the scientific and technological state of the world, Nigeria
inclusive. Chemistry has been one of the core science subjects in which a
credit pass is required before a student can be admitted into any
tertiary institution for any science based discipline. However
statistics on students enrolment and achievement in the west African
senior secondary school examination (Source West African Examination
Council) have shown that despite the low rate of students enrolment in
science subjects for the examination, only few percentage of them passes
the subject particularly chemistry at a credit level to qualify them to
purse courses in the science, technology, basic medical sciences and or
agriculture at the tertiary level despite the continuous clarion call
for technological growth in the country.
Many reasons have been
attributed to this problem of students’ enrolment and achievement in
science (subjects) in West African and particularly in Nigeria. There
has been idea of students perceiving science subjects as being difficult
(Obioha, 1987), this has led man students into avoiding science and
consequently into low enrolment and poor performance in the subjects.
Other factors identified include: career aspiration misconception,
attitudes and motivational traits, self concept, confidence and control
among others. Although, many of all the factors are considered
attitudinal, Educators and psychologist believes that certain factors
apart from the cognitive ones, are responsible for different achievement
in chemistry, part of which includes aspiration, motivation,
perception, intelligence, attitude, seriousness and purpose of
individual and personal characteristics of the learner (Abe 1995)
(Osokoga 1990).
Another school of thought believes that
personality and psychological factors are operative in academic
performance. Interest level of aspiration, study habit, self concept and
anxiety are some of the factors being identified based on this
consideration. However (Bakare, 1975) reported that forestation between
these personality factors and academic performance are found to range
between 1 and 3. Gender difference has also been identified as one of
the major/key player in low enrolment and poor performance in science
subjects. Available data pointing to this on Education in Nigeria
(Longe and Adedeji, 2003) points to the fact that female students tend
to have more interest in areas of study regarded as feminine and
therefore shy away from scientific and technological field. Also, male
students are drifted towards outdoor and mechanical activities. This
difference could be attributed to the degree of propensity to take risk
by males than the females. Female students negative attitude could be
attached to their believe that by myth, boys are better than them in the
science subjects (Adedeji and Longe 2003) also added that, some
communities believes that exposing girls to the world of science implies
immersing the girls in male environment. Males are found to prefer
risk-involving and hazardous occupation.
Generally, achievement as
a measure of school productivity is the concern of teachers, parents,
students and the policy makers. Inspite of government investment and
incentives on science and technology education, in pursuit of one of the
stated goals of science teaching, students still perform poorly and
below expectation in science courses and blames are placed on teachers
and or school administrators, not bearing in mind the students
emotional, psychological and personality characteristics. The world is
turning technological, Nigeria like the rest of the world depends mostly
on what science could give. It is therefore of high necessity to probe
into some of the non-cognitive characteristics of students which is
part of major possible threat to success of science subjects, identify
their relative effect on core science subjects like chemistry
achievement.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study
sought to determine the patterns of career aspiration as it affects the
academic achievement of senior secondary school chemistry students.
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The
main purpose of this study is to: explain the possible influence of
students’ career aspiration on their academic achievement. Determine
the relative popularity of different career aspiration among students
and determine relative patterns of career aspiration among chemistry
students based on (1) gender and (ii) school type.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
study tends to throw more light on pattern of career aspiration among
students offering chemistry at the senior secondary school (Based on the
school type and gender). Think of specific significance of your
research work to the students, parents, society, stakeholders.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In
a bid to explain the possible influence of students career aspiration
on their academic achievement, the study sought to answer the following
questions:-
1. What is the correlation between career aspiration and academic achievement of students in chemistry?
2. What is the pattern of career aspiration among students offering chemistry at senior secondary school?
3. To what extend and how does gender and type of school affects the career choice of students?
1.6 DELIMITATION
The
study will be descriptive and correlational in nature. Samples that
will be used for this study will be limited to Somolu Local Government,
where some number of schools will be selected. A single sex school and a
co-educational school (from the same strata) will be selected.
However, number of students will be selected from the sampled school
using a random sampling method this will make the study a purposeful
one. Parents of the selected students will also be included as part of
the samples to be used during the course of the study as their
contribution also count in the success of the result of the study. A
career aspiration questionnaire and parent career choice questionnaire
for their children will be administered so as to know their opinion of
students and parents on their career aspiration and choices
independently. This will be strictly limited to science student only.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Career:
This is a job or profession that one has been trained for, and which
one usually do for a long time or one under training intend to do latter
in future.
Cognitive: The level of relating and or process if knowing, understanding and learning something.
Non-Cognitive:
This is the change in someone or situation that is not related to
learning or the physical attribute that changes outside learning
Educationists:
This refers to people in charge of informing individuals or group of
people (School or outside schools) e.g parents, teachers, evaluators,
administrators etc, in order to bring out a desired result or change in
behaviour
Psychologists: These are people who studies the way
people’s mind work and their nature. Their study ask the question why,
when and how human being put up a particular action or Behaviour.
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