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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Education
as the key to development has the capacity to upgrade teaching
effectiveness as well as learning efficiency among learners. Efforts by
have being made by school administrators to improve the performance of
Public secondary school students. The school environment, which include
the classrooms, libraries, technical workshops, laboratories, teachers’
quality, school management, teaching methods, peers, etc are variables
that affect students’ academic achievement (Ajayi, 2001 and Oluchukwu,
2000). Hence, the school environment remains an important area that has
to studied and well managed to enhance students’ academic performance.
According to Jam (2009) academic performance is the ability to
study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge
verbally or on paper. In other words, academic performance refers to how
students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish
different tasks given to them by their teachers. Academic performance
generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks
or studies. There are quite a number of factors that determine the
level and quality of students' academic performance. (Scottk, 2002).
According
to Hussain (2006) secondary school students in public schools often
come from economically poor and average income families. These families
face various problems causing emotional disturbance among their
children. This singular factor has caused serious damage to the
achievement status to secondary school students.
Achievement
is generally a pedagogical terminology used while determining learners’
success in formal education and which is measured through reports
examinations, researches, and ratings with numerous factors of variables
exerting influence. Essentially, the National Policy on education
(Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004) has identified school achievement
contents according to school subjects which are classified as core or
elective subjects. Although studies abound on the causative and
predictive nature of factors of study habit on students academic
achievement. all factors or variables tend to focus on poor study habit
while the effects are yet to be fully accessed on the nations
educational development. The issue of poor academic performance of
students in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents,
teachers and even student themselves. The quality of education not only
depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their
duties, but also in the effective coordination of the school environment
(Ajao 2001). The issue of poor academic performance of students in
Nigeria has been of much concern to all and sundry. The problem is so
much that it has led to the widely acclaimed fallen standard of
education in Delta State and Nigeria at large. The quality of education
depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their
duties.
Over time pupils’ academic performance in both internal and
external examinations had been used to determine excellence in teachers
and teaching (Ajao 2001). Teachers have been shown to have an important
influence on students’ academic achievement and they also play a crucial
role in educational attainment because the teacher is ultimately
responsible for translating policy into action and principles based on
practice during interaction with the students (Afe 2001). Both teaching
and learning depends on teachers: no wonder an effective teacher has
been conceptualized as one who produces desired results in the course of
his duty as a teacher (Uchefuna 2001).
Considering governments’
huge investment in public education, its output in terms of quality of
students have been observed to be unequal with government expenditure.
In Nigeria, there are so many factors influencing the ability of
students to cultivate effective and efficient study habit. Ozmert (2005)
emphasized the importance of environmental influence as a major factor
in the development of students studying habit. In the same vein,
Adetunji and Oladeji (2007) submit that the environment of most children
is not conducive for studying; it is in the light of this that made
some parents to prefer their children to go to boarding school for
proper discipline and to inculcate better reading habit.
1.2 Statement of the problem
The
increasing nature of poor academic performance of public secondary
school students especially in external examinations like WAEC or JAMB,
tend to shift the blame on the teaching methodology adopted by the
teachers and lack of fund from the government to provide quality
textbooks. However, these might not be the main reasons why students
perform poorly in examinations. It is clear from all indications that
most secondary school students have poor study habit which might lead to
poor academic performance.
It is yet to gather adequate
research evidence to prove that it is a key factor on why students fail.
Emphasizing the importance of school environment to students academic
performance,
Oluchukwu, (2000) asserted school environment is an
essential aspect of educational planning. The scholar went further to
explain that unless schools are well suited, buildings adequately
constructed and equipment adequately utilized and maintained, much
teaching and learning may not take place. The high levels of students’
academic performance may not be guaranteed where instructional space
such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops and laboratories are
structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact of school
environment on students’ academic performance in an urban city like
Rivers State. It was agreed that inadequate provision of equipment in
public secondary school. It is based on the above stated problems that
the study on assessment of factors responsible for students academic
performance in public secondary schools became necessary for
investigation.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of
this study was to assess the factors responsible for students academic
performance in public secondary school. Specifically the study is:
i. To examine the factors Responsible for student’s academic performance in public Secondary Schools.
il. To examine the influence of human resources on students’ academic performance in secondary schools.
iii. To determine the influence of financial resources on students' academic performance in secondary schools.
iv. To establish the influence of physical resources on students’ academic performance in secondary schools.
v. To determine how learning techniques influence the students' academic performance in secondary schools.
vi. To examine the challenges for student’s academic performance in Public Secondary Schools.
1.4 Research Questions
The study was guided on the following research questions.
i. What is the influence of human resources on students’ academic performance in public secondary schools?
ii. How does a financial resource influence the students' academic performance in public secondary schools?
iii. To what extent does physical resource influence students’ academic performance in public secondary schools?
iv. How does learning techniques influence the students' academic performance in secondary schools?
v. What are the challenges that affect student’s academic performance in Public Secondary Schools?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses guided the study:
1.
There is no significant relationship between the factors Responsible
for student’s academic performance in public Secondary Schools.
2.
There is no significant relationship between the challenges for
student’s academic performance in Public Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This
study will be used to students researchers, scholars, educationists who
use it for further studies. It is hoped that this study will provide
information for parents, educators and school administrators to reflect
upon various factors that help students in achieving their academic
goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of introducing
those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to enhancing
students’ educational outcomes in school. This study provides a valuable
reference for other schools to reflect upon the school environment as
it affect the academic performance of student in secondary school. It
will serve as resource materials for others who want to carry out
research in related field.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This
research work focuses on the factors responsible for students academic
performance in public secondary school in Rivers State. This research
work covers all public secondary schools students in Rivers State.
1.8 Operational Definition of terms
Academic performance: This refers to the performance that falls within specified standard. Study habit:This is a behaviour style that is systematically formed by students towards learning and achievement.
Study skills: These are peculiar strategies developed by the students in studying.
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