ABSTRACT

Analysis of proximate composition, mineral composition, heavy metals concentration,

microbiological counts and identification of microbial contaminants were carried out

in beef and Kilishi samples that were produced and collected from six production

spots in Kaduna state, Nigeria viz: Sabon Gari, Tudun Wada, Zaria city, Malali,

Anguwan Sarki and Kasuwa. Also, Kilishi that was prepared in the Laboratory that

served as control was analyzed. Results of proximate composition showed that Kilishi

is richer in nutrients. It showed that the profile proximate parameters in the study

samples is protein > crude fat > ash > moisture > carbohydrate > crude fibre. The

highest protein content found was in dried beef. From the study samples, Kasuwa

Kilishi had the highest protein content (64.28%), Malali Kilishi had the highest

moisture and fat contents (9.25 and 22.42% respectively), while Anguwan Sarki

Kilishi had the highest ash content (9.42%). Also, Tudun Wada Kilishi had the highest

crude fibre content (3.42%), Zaria City Kilishi had the highest carbohydrate content

(8.32%), while the Laboratory Kilishi that served as control recorded the lowest

percent moisture (7.22%) and had lower values of protein and carbohydrate. Results

of mineral composition showed that Kilishi contained the highest contents of Na, P

and K while the concentrations of Ca and Mg found were highest in dried beef.

Kasuwa Kilishi had the highest contents of Na (8281.00) and Mg (474.55) compared

to other Kilishi samples. The highest values of P (8915.00) and K (9610.00) obtained

were from Malali Kilishi, Tudun Wada Kilishi had the highest Ca content (459.55),

while the Laboratory Kilishi had the lowest mineral contents of Ca, Mg and P. The

results revealed that Kilishi contained the highest concentrations of the heavy metals.

The concentrations (mgkg-1) of Fe (142.18 - 192.80), Zn (80.09 - 135.43), Pb (1.83 -

13.75) and Ni (2.08 - 19.88) in this study exceeded their threshold effects levels

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