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This study was undertaken to ascertain the extent of use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of geography in Enugu North Local Government Area in Enugu State. Three research questions and one hypothesis were used as guide. The literature was reviewed under four subheadings which include:
1. Important of instructional materials in teaching and learning process
2. Availability of instructional materials
3. Factors affecting the utilization of the available instructional materials
4. Strategies by which the use of instructional materials can be fully increased.
This study adopted a descriptive survey design. it was carried out in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. The population of the study was all the junior secondary school students and teachers in the field of geography . Out of 14 secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area, 6 schools were randomly selected, picking 20 students and 4 teachers from each school which gave us a total of 120 students and 24 teachers. structured questionnaire was used for collection of data which was constructed in accordance with the research questions. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The interpretation of the data was based on real limit number of mean score
Based on the data analyzed the following major findings were made
1. Adequate instructional materials needed for effective teaching and learning of geography were not available.
2. Only the teacher made instructional materials were being used.
3. Available instructional materials were not fully utilized.
4. Insufficient materials and equipment is a major factor affecting utilization of instructional materials.
5. Another factor affecting utilization of
instructionmaterials is lack of fund for the purchase of the instructional materials.
6. Provision of funds by the government for procurement of instructional materials can help increase utilization of instructional materials.
Title Page
Acknowledgment
Dedication
Abstract
Content
Chapter One1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
1.2 Statement Of Problem
1.3 Purpose Of The Study
1.4 Significance Of The Study
1.5 Research Question
1.6 Hypothesis
1.7 Scope Of The Study
Chapter Two2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Important Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Process
2.2 Availability Of Instructional Materials
2.3 Factor Affecting The Utilization Of The Available Instructional Materials
2.4 Strategies By Which The Use Of Instructional Materials Can Be Fully Increased
2.5 Summary
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area Of The Study
3.3 Population Of The Study
3.4 source – Post Primary School Management Board
3.5 Manpower Satiric – 2009/2010
3.6 Sample And Sampling Teachniques
3.7 Instrument For Data Collection
3.8 Validation Of Instruments
3.9 Method Of Data Collection
3.10 Method Of Data Analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation And Analysis Of Data
4.1 Research Question 1b
4.2 Research Question 2
4.3 Research Question 3
4.4 Hypothesis
4.5 Conclusion
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary, Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Discussion Of Findings
5.3 Implication Of The Study
5.4 The Government
5.5 The National Policy On Education Implementation Committee
5.6 The Curriculum Organization Of Nigeria
5.7 Recommendation
5.8 Suggestion For Further Research
Reference
Chapter One of Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of Geography In Junior Secondary Schools Project Material starts from here.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In teaching, it is highly desirable to know exactly what one aims to achieve as it is in all great undertaking. Instructional materials according to Wiki (1998), are kind of tools or equipment that can help the instructor effectively in theory teaching classroom or in practical assessment. They are also materials that aid in the transference of information from one to another. Also Ilori (2000) pin-pointed that instructional material are aids the teacher uses to arouse the interest of the learner there by enabling the learner to gain direct experience. Instructional materials are assumed to have being in place right from the primary school level but if not properly utilized, enhancement of learning is thwarted. The neglect of the use of instructional materials by teachers pose negative effect in the process of teaching and learning of geography. Merrrel (1993) (p.37) pointed out that at present, schools are continually faced with financial problem and this could increase the likelihood that teachers will make more use of free or cheap teaching materials to supplement their own ageing resources. It is therefore important that teachers remain vigilant and exercise sound judgment on approaching what is available to help them teach and their pupils to learn.
The extent to which instructional materials are made available also
determines the extent to which they are being utilized in teaching and
learning of geography. Onwuka (1981) indicated that instructional
materials help the teacher to convey the intended message effectively
and meaningfully to the learners so that the learner receive,
understand, retain and apply the experience gained to reach an
educational goal.
Instructional materials are some of the most important devices which both teachers and learners can use to enhance the quality of instruction. They are good sources of acquiring factual information and help to make learning permanent. Man is naturally endowed with five senses: smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste. learning or change in behavior is through these senses. In effect, these senses should come into play for effective learning. In the classroom the teacher therefore, must sensitize the sense of the learner through the use of instructional materials.
The various topics in junior secondary schools in geography demand
the use of instructional materials by the teacher from the preparation
and delivery of their lessons to student. Instructional materials
include all terms of information carriers that can be used to promote
and encourage effective teaching and learning activities. They could be
in form of text book, reference books, journals, posters, chart,
programmed text, non-print materials, such as films, tapes, models,
picture ,recorders etc. furthermore instructional materials are anything
the teacher turns for help in his goal-seeking activities. The help may
be in form of information, idea, formulae, generalization or
experiences (Saylor and Alexander (1966).
Tremendous changes have taken place in the development of science and technology. Therefore the Enugu state ministry of education and the school boards are supposed to provide junior secondary school pupils with funds for the procurement of instructional materials likewise, the teacher should use the available materials in his everyday teaching learning process, bearing in mind that the interest of children will be aroused more when they see things in their natural setting and the educational goal will be achieved as well.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The extent of use of instructional materials should not be excluded in
teaching and learning of geography . They supply a concrete basis for
conceptual thinking and hence reduce meaningless word responses of
students. It was observed that the result of student in geography at
junior secondary school certificate examinations (JSSCE) are
consistently poor. Some of the causes of this poor achievement is
related to lack of understanding of the concepts. Also the populations
of students in continuation of science subjects in senior secondary
schools are drastically reduced. One would ask, are there no
knowledgeable teachers who can impact the knowledge of the concepts
effectively. For a teacher to be effective in her work, she must know
the principles of teaching which also include the use of instructional
materials. Teachers have neglected the use of instructional materials in
teaching and learning of geography. They engage themselves with chalk
and talk method which lives the student with little or no understanding.
This study therefore, tries to determine the extent of utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of geography in junior secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area Enugu State.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this research is to find out the extent of
utilization of instructional material in teaching and learning
of geography in junior secondary school in Enugu North Local Government
Area, Enugu State. In the light of this, the specific objectives of the
research include:.
1. To ascertain the extent to which these instructional material are
being utilized in teaching and learning of geography in junior secondary
schools in Enugu North L.G.A Enugu state.
2. To ascertain the factors affecting utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of geography
3. To find out the possible solutions or strategies through which the use of instructional materials in teaching of geography can be increased.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is intended that findings from this research on the interest of use
of instructional material will be of help to both the student, teachers,
school and the government.
1. It exposes the importance of instructional materials which would make students have more understanding on the lessons.
2. The information from this research will help teacher to carry out
their task with ease unlike the chalk and talk method where the teacher
spend the whole time trying to make the student to understand what is
being taught.
3. The information from this research will enable the school
administrators to ascertain the availability of instructional materials
for teaching geography and the extent to which they are being utilized
in promoting the new emphases on teaching geography in junior secondary
schools in Enugu North L.G.A Enugu State
4. The information from the research will also help the bodies, whose duty is to lay educational policies and monitor the progress of the planned educational evolution to ensure that instructional materials are supplied and bottle necks removed in time to facilitate the effective implementation of this National policy on education with reference to teaching of geography.
RESEARCH QUESTION
This study seeks to provide answers to the following
1. To what extent are these instructional material being fully utilized
in teaching and learning of geography in junior secondary in Enugu
North L.G.A
2. What are the factors affecting the use of instructional materials in
teaching and learning of geographyin junior secondary school in Enugu
North L.G.A
3. What are the possible solution or strategies by which the use of instructional materials can be fully increased
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference in the mean achievement (p<0.05) between students taught with instructional material and those not taught with instructional materials
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Because of the large size of population of student in junior secondary sector in Enugu state, the study is narrowed to the case study of junior secondary sector in Enugu North Local Government Area in Enugu State
CHAPTER TWO
Chapter two of this Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools” research work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter Two of “Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools Contains: Literature Review, Important Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Process, Availability Of Instructional Materials, Factor Affecting The Utilization Of The Available Instructional Materials, Strategies By Which The Use Of Instructional Materials Can Be Fully Increased and Summary.
Chapter three of this Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography Science In Junior Secondary Schools” academic work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter Three of “Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools Contains: Research Methodology, Research Design, Area Of The Study, Population Of The Study, source – Post Primary School Management Board, Manpower Satiric – 2009/2010, Sample And Sampling Teachniques, Instrument For Data Collection, Validation Of Instruments, Method Of Data Collection and Method Of Data Analysis .
Chapter four of this Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools project work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter Four of Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools Contains: Presentation And Analysis Of Data, Research Question 1b, Research Question 2, Research Question 3, Hypothesis and Conclusion.
Chapter five of this Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools material is available. Order full work to download. Chapter Five of Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of geography In Junior Secondary Schools Contains: Summary, Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendation, Discussion Of Findings, Implication Of The Study, The Government, The National Policy On Education Implementation Committee, The Curriculum Organization Of Nigeria, Suggestion For Further Research and Reference.
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