CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Classroom Management is about creation of positive learning environments. But the concept of positive learning environment is both broad and vague.

This classroom management and control deals with how things are prepared. Its structure, procedure and routines to the point of becoming rituals, When procedure are explained to and practiced by students it is periodically reinforced by practicing, classroom management and control.
When procedures are learned, practiced and reinforced, instructions becomes efficient

Despite educator’s concerns with the nature of classroom learning environments, few recent studies have investigated either teachers’ knowledge or practices of classroom management in positive learning environments. As such there is inadequate understanding of how teachers support both engaged learning and positive social interaction (Oakes, 2009).

The student studying biology as a subject in secondary schools is faced with many problems. The poor classroom management can lead to academic performance of students in biology class as indicated in the report of WAEC and National Teachers Institute (NTI) as well as the result of state common entrance examination has come a persisted public outcry as regards the falling standard of biology study. Biology as Science subjects are before now facing a problem. This is mostly in the area of availability of laboratories, effective classroom management control and other teaching facilities in their right number of students studying science. Biology is very important subject; it has to be given more priority. It enables one to understand himself and his intermediate environment. Nevertheless, the knowledge acquired in Biology subject is applied in many fields as Medicine, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, Microbiology and Agriculture among others. Students’ performance in Biology subject. Various reasons have been attached to this problem by scholars. Dinah (2013) concluded that, availability of text books, laboratory apparatus, better classroom management control and other learning resources contribute significantly to the performance of students in Biology. He added that, students with positive attitude towards the subject give better performance than those who had a negative attitude. Those with positive attitude are motivates to work hard and this is reflected in the good marks scored in the examination.

 According to Akinsanya et al. (2014) control by teacher, parent has the highest significant influence on the academic achievement of students. This is because the child from educated family has a lot of opportunities to study hard due to his/her access to internet, newspaper, television. They can also taught extra lessons at home. Students raised from an illiterate family have limited access to that. It has been observed that the falling academic standard and the influencing factors include the economic status of the teacher and effective classroom control.

Femi (2012) in his study says, socio-economic and education background of teacher is not significant factors in students’ performance.

In this regard, so many writers and researchers have urged educators to move toward broader and more comprehensive positions on issues of classroom management in (Jones, 2006). As Jones advocates, “at its best, classroom management is not only a means to effective instruction, it has also becomes a vehicle for providing students with a sense of community and increased skills in interpersonal communication, conflict management and self control.

Nevertheless, lack of recent empirical evidence has left educators without clear direction and understandings of what knowledge and practices teachers utilize in creating and managing socially complex learning environments. It is as if educators understand the blueprints for a house, but not the tools with which to construct it. As such educators are hampered in their efforts to provide prospective teachers with the appropriate tools to implement their visions for establishing positive learning environment. It is against this background the researchers sees the subject matter of this research as an empirical issue worthy of investigation.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

The difficulty of novices in dealing with the complexities of teaching and the social immediacy of the classroom is no small issue. This is so because most teachers are constraint by classroom management because of the dynamic nature of teaching. On the other hand, the complexity of classroom setting also impede teaching sequel to the perception by beginning teachers that classroom management is complex. This is an obstacle to effective planning for positive learning environment. As such the subject matter: the effect of classroom management and control on the academic performance of biology students in senior secondary is seen as an empirical issue worthy of investigation.

1.3     Objective of the Study

The central objective of this research is to examine the effect of classroom management and control on the academic performance of biology students in senior secondary, the specific objectives are:

i.                   To examine the effect of classroom management and control on the academic performance of biology students in Government Secondary School, River state.

ii.                 To identify the effectiveness of classroom management on student       achievement in Government Secondary School, River state

iii.              To find out how classroom management influence development setting in Government Secondary School, River state.

iv.              To identify the problem militating against classroom management in Government Secondary School, River state.

1.4     Significance of the Study

The significance of a study of this magnitude cannot be overemphasized, local government education department, state and federal ministries of Education involved in policy formulation and implementation, school management, incoming students and above all teachers as well as researchers will find this really significant especially as they utilize the findings.

To the local government departments as well as state and federal ministries of education engage in policy formulation and implementation, the finding of this study can be used as a basis for enacting policies that will effectively improve the quality of classroom management and standard of education.

School management can also use the result of this study as an insight in formulating strategies to effectively run their schools.

It should be noted that this study is of scholarly importance. As such teachers as well as students undertaking research work similar to the present study and other scholars alike who may wish to use this work as a reference material or a springboard for their own research, will find this study useful.

1.5     Research Questions

The following research questions will be used to guide the study:

i.       What are the functions of the classroom management and control in Government Secondary School, River state?

ii.     What is the effectiveness of classroom management on students’ academic performance in Government Secondary School, River state?

iii.   How does classroom management influence development setting in Government Secondary School, River state?

iv.   What are the problems militating against Classroom managements in Government Secondary School, River state?

1.6     Scope of the Study

The scope of the study covers an empirical examination of the effect of classroom management and control on the academic performance of biology students in senior secondary in Government Secondary School, River state; as well as the functions of the teacher in classroom management. The study equally covers the effectiveness of classroom management on student’s academic performance in Government Secondary School, River state as well as the influence of classroom management on development and the problems militating against classroom management in Government Secondary School, River state.

1.7     Definition of Terms

Teacher: Lesson instructor and class manager in school (Okoh, 2002).

Educational Leadership: This is the process of formulating and implementing educational policies in Schools (Bolam, 1999).

School Management: This is an act of getting things done through planning, organizing, coordinating and monitoring school activities in order to achieve the school goal.

Classroom Management: This is planning and setting of rules procedures, disciplinary interventions and teacher-student Relationships in schools.

Educational Policy: Policy is a statement of government on education.

Head Teacher: A teacher who is in charge of primary school.

Administration: This is the act of planning, organizing and coordination of human and material resources in order to implement government policy in primary school.

Teachers Education: The training and retraining of teachers through further studies in institution of higher learning.

Transformational Leadership: This is a leadership style that completed change old techniques to new and much more effective technique.

Teachers Knowledge: Information, understanding and skills that teachers gain through education or experience.

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