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ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to examine the indices of
sports participation as predictor of non-involvement in cultism among
students of Lagos State University. A total of two hundred (200)
respondents were selected from five faculties. Which was analyzed using a
descriptive statistics of percentage, frequency and inferential
statistics of chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. A
self-structured questionnaire was also used for the study.
Three
hypotheses were postulated and all were rejected. The findings revealed
the following: Availability of sports facilities was significantly
predicted as non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University. Scheduling of sports activities was significantly predicted
as non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
The influence of peer group was significantly predicted as
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
One
major culture that has the capacity of developing the mind and body of
the Nigerian students is sports. Sports does not exists in a vacuum; it
is part of total educational program of a nation, which involves local
and state systems, regional councils and international organization,
sports without mining words has developed to become a socio-economic,
political, cultural and religious weapon through which many nations seek
to rule the world. Gert (1995) agrees to this fact by stating
categorically that sports has been used by nation of low recognition to
improve their global image and project their national status to
recognition.
Sports also act as a kind of badge for social
exclusivity and cultural distinctiveness for the dominant classes, it
operates a means of control or containment of the working or popular
classes; it is represented as a source of escape and mobility for
talented class of performers. It articulates the fractional status
distinctions that exist within the ranks of large class grouping
(Sugden and Tomlinson, 2000).(Eitzen 2009) also sees sports as that
which can bring people together by giving them a sense of personal
identify, as well as feelings of group membership and social
identification. Awosika (2000) postulated that sports has been found
to be an instrument of practriotism individuals especially in a
multi-national agency. Also, researches have shown that participation in
sports has positive correlation with academic achievement (Durcan,
2000).
Olajide (2003) stated that sports participation represents
an integral part of total physical education programme, which mostly
evolves from the intra-mural and extra-mural programmes. It is designed
for students and it serves as an extension of the instruction programme
by giving students with opportunity to practicalise what they have
learnt in the classroom e.g morals and theories of games. It provides
students with opportunities that will be conducive for their health and
physical fitness. It motivates student’s participation in sports skills
at their own level. It provides a forum or avenue to share common
interest. It encourages the process of psychological meaning or
self-confidence so important to the adolescent.
The concept of a
“cult” as defined by Homby, (2001) is a small group of people who have
extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established
religion. Akanni (1999) postulated that a “Cult” could be said to
emanate from great and or idea. This could be manifested in ritual,
praised songs, chants and worship.
Omoluabi (1999) opined that
against the background of the nature of campuses, the theories and
functions of groups, the formation of all kinds of groups in campuses is
inevitable. The so-called campus cults or secret society are groups of
students who have un-orthodox social practices. The groups that have
pirates, Buccaneer, Black axe, Black beret, Eiye confraternity, Mafioso
and Daughters of Jezebel. The group’s characteristics are: holding
meetings at unusually times and in unusual places, wearing weird
customers, singing outrageous songs, adopting outlandish nicknames, love
of rituals and poor personal adjustment, magical activities and low
self-esteem. However, as it has been postulated above that cultism and
the violence associated with it are inevitable phenomena on campuses,
the realization that group behavior of the individual member of the
group further confirms that inevitability. Arising from this background,
the purpose of this study is to appraise indices of sports
participation as predictors of non-involvement in cultism among students
of Lagos State University.
Statement of the Problem
In the
recent past, sports and provided a forum for unity and social
interaction through the participation of fellow country men and women
representing the country in some events such as track and field,
football, and tennis. However, these participants are majorly from other
works of life except academics. It has been noted that for instance the
contingent i.e presenting Nigeria in 1989 under 20 World cup, only
multi Adepoju happened to be an undergraduate from university of Ibadan.
To this end, if samples will be taking it will be discovered that
just a fraction or a small percentage of students participate in sports
to the point of representing the country in both National and
International events. Showing the lack of interest or encouragement post
by stunts towards sporting activities. This research therefore aims at
looking closely into the cases, causes consequences and panacea which
will provide modalities for institutions of higher learning to
integrate sporting activities into the educational system thereby
encouraging a lot of undergraduates or students from various facilities
to explore their talents.
Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of the study will be: Looking at the availability of sports
facilities as predictors of non-involvement in cultism among students
of Lagos State University. Finding out how scheduling of sports
activities should be furthermore intensified in order to encourage
continuous participation in sports among students of Lagos State
University. To how whether the influence of peer group will predict
their non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University
Research Questions
The following research questions will be raised in the course of the study:
1.
Will availability of sports facilities significantly predict
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
2.
Will scheduling of sports activities significantly predict
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University
3. Will the influence of peer group significantly predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
Research Hypotheses
H1:
Availability of sports facilities will not significantly predict
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
H2:
Scheduling of sports activities will not significantly predict
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
H3: The influence of peer group will not predict cultism among students of Lagos State University.
Significance of the Study
The
study when fully completed will be immense contributions to the
development of sports in tertiary institutions in the following ways: It
will upgrade the university to sustain student’s interest regarding
sports. The university programme will be redesigned so as to create a
meaningful and adequate time for students during which they could take
part in sporting activities. It will also suggest vital techniques to be
adopted by the university authority in predicting sports participation
among students of Lagos State University.
Delimitations of the Study
This research work is delimited to five (5) selected faculties in Lagos State University. These are:
(i) Faculty of Sciences
(ii) Faculty of Social Science
(iii) Faculty of Management Science
(iv) Faculty of Education
(v) Faculty of Art A total of 200 participants will be used as sample for the study.
Limitations of the Study
The
following are limitations envisaged in the study and they are: The
reluctance of respondents in taking part of the study Responses bias
from the respondents, which may affect the validity of the study.
Operational Definition of Terms
Indices: A sign or measure that can be judged.
Sports: An organized competitive activity involving physical effort and skill.
Predictor: state that an event will happen in the future
Non-involvement: Act of not giving a lot of time and attention.
Cult: A way of life, an attitude, an idea that has become very popular
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