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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Nigeria became independent in 1960, having a population of over 150
million people with diverse culture and abundant resources. Nigeria has a
very large labour force to support the labour market and economy which
consists of different sectors, such sector includes the Agriculture
sector, the Energy sector, the Mining sector, the Manufacturing sector,
the Banking sector, the Communication sector, the transportation sector
and so on.
Many economists have been interested in factors which can cause the
growth of their nations, one major factor is TRANSPORTATION. The study
of Transportation in Nigeria has become important due to the view or
thought of researchers trying to formulate better policy that will
affect the transport sector positively which will later bring about an
efficient, effective and standard transport system. Thus the demand for
Transport service in the country over the year has increased rapidly,
while the supply of transport services has declined due to lesser
infrastructure in place in the system, because a well-functioning and
integrated transport system among other thing in the economy stimulates
national growth and development which enhances the quality of life for
all enabling the seamless movement of goods and services and people,
through the provision of vital linkages between spatially separated
facilities which enables social contact and interaction possible and
also providing access to employment, health, education, and other
services which brings about civilisation. For instance, Agricultural
products generated in the rural areas needs to be carried/taken to the
urban centres for further distribution which can take place or be
achieved only through means of transporting those goods from that place
to another, here transportation provides the means by which product are
circulated around the country.
The evolution to modern transport system in Nigeria can be viewed from
two phases according to the federal government of Nigeria draft on
national transport policy on august 2010.The first phase is the colonial
period that marked the origin of modern transport system.
The networks of rail, water and road developed then were geared
essentially to meet the exportation of cash crops, such as groundnuts,
cocoa, cotton and palm products and to the importation of cheap, mass
produced consumption goods. These early transport systems were planned
in the most economical way possible, as typified in sub-standard road
and rail alignments and a sub base, which later proved inadequate to
accommodate heavy vehicles. The second phase is the postcolonial
period/attainment of independence. With a re-orientation of goals,
transport became one of the instruments of unification of the country
and an important tool for social and economic development. The
development of petroleum resources from the 1950‟s had significant
impact on the nation‟s social and economic growth, putting increasing
demands on the transport system.
This study will examine the impact of transportation infrastructure on
economic growth in Nigeria by evaluating the relationship that exists
between transportation infrastructure and economic growth.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
Given the fact that transportation Infrastructure is very crucial to the
growth of the economy, the situation of Nigeria transportation
infrastructure is at a poor state. Recent studies by Adeniji (2000),
Innocent C. Obi (2011) shows that: less than 50% of the National road
network are in fair or good condition causing an average death of 50
people per day; Less than 300,000 tonnes of freight and less than 2.3
million passenger are been transported by rail; More occurrences of air
crashes in the Aviation sector; High rate of congestion in the sea port;
and More vandalization of pipeline. When all this losses are added up
to economic cost for loss of productive man-hour, it becomes clear that
the situation really need urgent attention. However, various research
studies have been descriptive showing the importance of having a better
transportation infrastructure in place so as to increase the sector
contribution to economic growth and development, although there are few
study that are empirical. Thus, this study will enlighten us on the
situation and empirical linkage of transportation infrastructure
improvement and economic growth, in which more emphasis will be on
Nigeria transport infrastructure.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.
The broad objective of this study is to examine the impact of
transportation infrastructure improvement on economic growth in Nigeria.
The specific objectives of the study are as follows:
i. to describe the situation of transportation infrastructure in Nigeria.
ii. to evaluate the empirical linkage between transportation and economic growth.
iii. to access the channel through which transportation affect economic growth.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
Based on the problems of the research topic, the research questions are as follow:
i. what is the situation of transportation infrastructure in Nigeria?
ii. what is the empirical linkage between transportation and economic growth?
iii. what channel does transportation work through to affect economic growth?
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY.
The study is justified by the need to provide empirical understanding of
the impact of transportation infrastructure improvement to the economic
growth of Nigeria and how it influences the development process. Thus,
there is no doubt that transportation is essential in operation of a
market economy; Planners needs guidance based on solid grounds, to aid
in their decision to improve existing transportation and build new
infrastructure. As stated by Boopen(2006), Transport improvement have
opportunity cost in terms of alternative investment that can be carried
out by the government. To ensure that resources are well allocated,
policy makers need to have empirical base on which to draw their plan.
An empirical knowledge of how transportation infrastructure improvement
will affect economic growth need to be established so that adequate plan
can be made for the transport sector. Also, there is the need to have a
direct linkage between transport infrastructure and economic growth, in
which prediction can be made to determine the level of transport
investment that can achieve a desired level of economic growth.
If capital improvements in transportation facilities lead to greater
development than when capital is used in other areas, then planner
should realize the benefits to be gained by developing the
transportation infrastructure. If on other hand, capital improvement in
transportation facilities cannot be linked to economic performance, then
scarce resource could, perhaps, be put to better use. There is
therefore the need to examine the linkage between transport
infrastructure and the economic growth of developing countries,
particularly Nigeria, in order to help policy makers formulate policies
that will favour the transport sector to enhance growth of economy. To
the people, this study will enlighten them more on the important of
having a better transport system; To students and researchers, this
study reveal the current situation in the sector by adding to the work
done by other researcher so as to provide base for future research; To
the policy maker this study will reveal the state of transport
infrastructure across the country making them known that more funds and
implementation of policy already made is needed critically to be in
place in the sector.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
This study makes use of the econometric technique in evaluating the
relationship between transportation sector infrastructure sector
infrastructure components and economic growth in Nigeria, The Ordinary
Least Square (OLS) technique is employed in obtaining the numerical
estimates of the coefficients in different equations, The OLS method is
chosen because it possesses some optimal properties: its computational
procedure is fairly simple and it is also an important component of most
other estimation techniques. The estimation period covers a thirty
years since the data needed are available for this period. The data for
this study are obtained mainly from secondary source, particularly from
Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) publications.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY.
This study is a macro-study that covers the transportation in Nigeria
economy as a whole. The data generated covers the contribution of the
sector to GDP from the year 1981 to 2011. The concept of economic growth
has to do with the entire economy; hence the study is a macro study,
Also the choice of time frame is as a result of the limited access to
data. Likewise, data availability also pose problem in the water and air
transport network.
PLAN OF THE STUDY.
The study will be classified into five chapters. Chapter1 contains the
introduction, background of the study, statement of the research
problem, objective of the study, research methodology, significance of
the study, scope of the study. Chapter 2 contains Literature review as
well as the theoretical framework, in which the chapter review the work
and contribution of different researchers on the relative impact of
transportation on growth. Chapter 3 concentrates on the research
methodology stating the model formulation, technique of data analysis
etc. Chapter 4 contains the empirical analysis and interpretation of
results. Chapter 5 contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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