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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The construction of structure on
weak ground often requires the soil to be improved in order to ensure
the safety and the stability of surrounding buildings. The ground
improvement in granular soils can be achieved by different methods such
as vibro-floatation, compaction piles, and compaction with explosives,
excavation and replacement, grouting e.t.c. The selective of the most
suitable method depend on a variety of factors, such as: soil
conditions, required degree of compaction, types of structure to be
supported, as well as site specific considerations available time for
completion of the project, availability of equipment and materials
e.t.c. Soil compaction can offer effective solutions for many foundation
problems and his especially useful for reducing total settlement in
sand. Sandy soil means most of the soil particles are bigger than 2mm in
diameter. It gives good water drainage and has a low capacity to hold
nutrients. Sandy soil does not hold moisture very well. It is granular
and consists of rock and mineral particle that are very small.
Therefore, the texture is gritty and is formed by the disintegration and
weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale. Is
also easier to cultivate it if it is rich in organic materials but then
it allows drainage more than needed. This results in over drainage and
dehydration of the plant in summer. It warms very fast in the spring
season. Grouting on the other hand is a process whereby stabilizes
either in the form of suspension or solution is injected into sub
surface soil. Sandy soil is the largest particle in the soil when you
rub it, if feels rough. This is because it has sharp edges and it does
not hold many nutrients.
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GROUTING
The
development and history of compaction grouting over the last 30-40
years as been established by many distinguished researcher, design
engineer and design contractor. Many technical papers are been published
dealing physically with the issues surround compaction grouting design
such as: “compaction grouting, 1973”, “planning and performing
compaction grouting” 1974. These and other important reference are the
main stream basis of knowledge for the highly specialize engineering and
construction technique know as compaction grouting. The compaction
grout method as some unique features which allow distinct advantages
over other remedial method of geo-technical construction. In many
distances growth is the only viable solution. Some of the advantages
include: Economic: Many time compaction grouting is the only feasible
solution to foundation settlement problems, other than demolishing the
structure and re-building with expensive deep foundation technique.
Minimal disturbance: During the grouting operation, destructure may
remain occupied and in service. Minimal risk: Compaction grouting offers
minimal risk of catastrophic structural failure while re-leveling
structure. Other are: Minimal geotechnical exploration, provide greater
support for structures, cost factor e.t.c.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the nature of the sandy soil particles.
2. To determine the degree of the sandy soil compatibility.
3. To carry out the improvement of sandy soil through grouting.
4.
To carryout some laboratory test on sandy soil such as compaction test
California bearing ration (CBR) test, atterberg LIMIT test, liquid limit
test, Plastic limit test, sieve analysis test in comparing the
effectiveness of grouting system.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY This research is focused on the quality and improvement of bearing
capacity of sandy soil by grouting.
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The limitations of this study are:
TIME FACTOR: Limited time that does not permit to carryout many practical.
AREA OF STUDY: This project is limited the technical study of sandy soil properties.
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