CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND

Productivity is defined as the relative efficiency of economic activity—that is, the amount of products or services produced compared to the amount of goods and labor used to produce it. While industry, in a general sense, the production of goods and services in an economy. The term industry also refers to a group of enterprises (private businesses or government-operated corporations) that produce a specific type of good or service—for example, the beverage industry, Some industries produce physical goods, such as lumber, steel, or textiles. Other industries—such as the airline, railroad, and trucking industries—provide services by transporting people or products from one place to another. Still other industries, such as the banking and restaurant industries, provide services such as lending money and serving food, respectively.

Motivation, cause of an organism's behaviour, or the reason that an organism carries out some activity. In a human being, motivation involves both conscious and unconscious drives. Psychological theories must account for a “primary” level of motivation to satisfy basic needs, such as those for food, oxygen, and water, and for a “secondary” level of motivation to fulfil social needs such as companionship and achievement. The primary needs must be satisfied before an organism can attend to secondary drives.

The American psychologist Abraham Maslow devised a six-level hierarchy of motives that, according to his theory, determine human behaviours. Maslow ranks human needs as follows: (1) physiological; (2) security and safety; (3) love and feelings of belonging; (4) competence, prestige, and esteem; (5) self-fulfilments; and (6) curiosity and the need to understand. No single theory of motivation has been universally accepted, but a direction is evident. Formerly, many psychologists stressed the reduction of stimulation to its lowest possible level. An organism was thought to pursue that behaviour most likely to bring about this desired state of no stimulation. Many human physiological systems do in fact operate in this manner. Recent cognitive theories of motivation, however, portray humans seeking to optimize rather than minimize stimulation and are thus better able to account for exploratory behaviour, the need for variety, aesthetic reactions, and curiosity.

It is clear that motivation is one of the factors which urges workers to work efficiently and effectively. The “motivation can be said to be a driving force that gives rise to behaviour in relationship to the nature of the force”. Its non or improper application can cause inefficiency to workers, thereby causing the organization to have low level of productivity. Any firm whose aim is to maximize profit and have high labour productivity should try to know what makes individuals to work very efficiently in the organization.

The finding of motivational model that can be used to make workers reach the stated objectives and goals of an organization is the main aim of an organization and this study. The understanding of why people behave as they do and the ability to motivate them to behave in a specific way they are interrelate qualities, which are important to managerial effectiveness. Satisfactions of subordinates who are involved in every organizational activity are a basic tool for any manager to carry out his function very well. It is good for a manager to know the employees, because it is an objective of coming into the organization, because it is believed that these motivation workers hard in an organization. The manager should try and provide the solution to these needs. Management should try to see that workers are satisfied with the working conditions and environment of the organization, as these will help workers to work effectively. However, their study is vented to Nigeria Bottling Company Limited to find out the way and effects of employees motivation on workers for effective productivity.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The main problem that leads to the research of the impact of staff motivation in Nigeria Bottling Company Limited are as follows:

1.   To determine what motivates workers in an organization

2.   The problem of motivational techniques to be used to motivate workers in their various work places.

3.   How effective are the existing motivational techniques on the efficiency of workers.

The problems have in some cases resulted in shabby production process in the organization. The researchers embark on writing of this project as to recommend avenues for solving these problems for effective production. The problems are as follows

1.   Continuous decreasing of productivity

2.   Ineffective productivity

3.   There is reduction in output

4.   Problems of identifying workers’ needs

5.   Low performance of workers

6.   Problem of selecting the right motivational techniques to be used.

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study has its objectives as follows:

1.   To know what motivates employees

2.   To create a relationship between motivation and job performance

3.   To discover if productivity actually increases by the motivation of the workers in an organization

4.   To determine how workers react to different types of motivational techniques

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The knowledge of the impact of staff motivation productivity is the importance study, as a manager who uses the right motivational techniques will satisfy his workers in achieving the organizational goals. This project will assist managers in understanding of what really motivate workers. It will also help researchers to know that human wants are numerous, but at least to some extent needs a careful management in order achieve the stated goals and objectives of an organization. Further more, the facts from this research work could be used as an intervention policy measure should there be crises that is related to this project.

1.5    RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Does employee’s motivation affect productivity?

2. Does employee motivation affect productivity in a manufacturing

    organization?

3. Is motivation important in an organization?

4. How does motivation increase productivity in organization?

1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The only used establishment on this study was Nigeria Bottling Company limited, Warri depot, no other establishment or organization was used.

1.7    DEFINITION OF TERM

In avoidance of mis-interpretation and mis-conception of ideas from this study, it will be of help to define some of the principle terms used in the course of this study.

Motivation: All the activities involved in the satisfaction of workers derived, desire, need and similar forces in order to induce them to act in a desire manner towards achieving goals and objectives.

Output: Quantity of goods produced

Needs: Necessities

Effective: Able to bring about result intended

Efficiency: Producing a desired result

Objective: purpose

Responses: Ones reaction to something

Satisfy: When one is contended on something we say that his satisfied.

Labour: Skilled and unskilled worker in an organization

Identify: Knowing one’s need

Management: Those concerned in managing an organization.

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