CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background of the Study

Monetary and other financial sector policies is a fiscal programmed which perform specific role including, helping to stabilize the economy, aiding management in decision making, regulation of the supply to money through credit control measured and the rate of interest enhancing the efficiency of resources used in this role should however, be seen in varying dimension and prospective of the domestic economy management.

A budget is an annual plan of financial statement made by the government, which spelt out estimated government revenue and proposed expenditure for the coming financial year.

Accordingly, budgeting can be deemed as a process of taking deliberate measures as moving the relevant economy system from its current state towards a specific desired state. INSE quell to that, the revenue and expenditure programme as well as the fiscal monetary, trade and other development policies enunciated to move the socio – economic system from the present, state to the desired state. The success or otherwise of budgeting process obtaining in the security at any point in time.

The efficiency of budgetary is control as aids to management in decision making is the kernel of this research.

According to chartered institute of management accounting (CIMA), London has defined the budget as a financial aid for quantities statement prepaid and approved prior to a defined period of time, of the policy to be pursed during that period for the purpose of attaining a given objectives. It may increase income, expenditure and the employment of capital.

Horngren (2000) in his view said budgets are formal qualification of management plans. A plan of action expressed in figures. Thus budget express future plan in a formal and precise manner, budget makes possible a comparison of actual results with plans it makes uses of preformed financial statements.

Many people leads to relate the term budget with only expenditure that is the sum of money they intent to spend or are allowed to spend on a particular activity. To this group, budget could be constructed to mean that I have got to budget my salary for the month with a motive of spending only #40,000 for sanitary items and entertainments.

However, the term has a more positive meaning to it in the business world. Budget is an important tool for financial planning and control.

1.2        Statement of the Problem

The major problem with implementation of budget is the time it takes to compute the process as a result of policies in budgeting.

The main objectives of budget implementation with its control and monitoring function is to ensure that the policies and programmed are dutifully implemented in other to ensure the achievement of the desired result and raising revenue. Thus, the question arises. Why do management carryout the budgeting?

What are their needs, does it really play significant roles in decision making? All these problems are intended to be provided with solution at the end of this research

1.3        Objectives of the Study

The aims of the study is to definite the degree to which budget and budgetary control leads to the desired result of the organization. That is the study expects to ascertain whether budget control aids in decision making in the firm. The other objectives are as follows.

i.             To determine to what extent budget control aid Eternit Ltd Sapele, Delta State in decision making.

ii.            To expand the existing revenue by exploring new sources.

iii.          To determine to what degree the budget control implementation can yield the desired result.

1.4        Research Question

i.             Does budget control and decision making in Eternit Ltd Sapele Delta State.

ii.            Is management budgetary control a yardstick to the attainment of organizational goals?

iii.          Does budgetary control system dates back to the establishment of Eternit Nigeria Ltd Sapele, Delta State?

iv.          To what extent does effective budgetary control system result in high profitability?

1.5        Significance of the Study

The choice of this study is to provide information to government, management of both private and public sectors with plans on how to achieve their desired objectives.

The significance of this study provides a basic for budgetary control as a panacea for effective management decision making. It will aid Eternit Ltd Sapale, Delta State in decision making. Budgetary control will help the company to achieve their set goals through implementation of effective budgetary control system.

1.6        Scope of the Study and Delimitation of the Study

For the purpose of this study, budgetary control will be limited to Eternit Ltd Delta State.

1.7        Limitation of the Study

In any research work, there is always problem or limitation. This study is not an exception from some of the problem encountered in course of this which includes.

1.   Insufficient time allocated fro the project work

2.   Lack of material data on the subject matter

3.   Inadequate indigenous literature on the subject matter

4.   Insufficient financial recourses for the completion of the study.

1.8        Brief History of Eternit Ltd Sapele

Eternit Ltd is a member of a multinational organization Etex group with its head office in Brussels and is one of Nigerian major producers of high quality fiber cement building materials.

It was established in 1994, and has undergone significant development which enables it to offer a wide range of high quality roofing and ceiling sheets and tiles together with a variety of complementary accessories. The factory is located in Sapele, Delta State Nigeria.

The range of products manufactured by the company covers essentiality fiber- cement roofing and ceiling materials, concrete roofing tiles and light – guage valganized roof trusses.

Eternit, mindful of the dynamics of the market, changed its technology in product formulation and in year 2001 replaced. The asbestos fiber content in product offering with synthetics fiber – petroleum (Eternit new technology products). Thus today, Eternit products are completely hazard free.

Awards from decorative studies

1.           Year 2000 decorative ceiling tiles award by the chattered institute of marketing of Nigeria.

2.           Year 2001, master builder award by Nigeria institute of arch built, cross river state chapter.

3.           Year 2002, award of excellence by the Nigeria institute of quality surveyors Ondo State chapter.

4.           Arch built 2004 best participant (local material sourcing) by the Nigeria institute of architects.

5.           2005 best participant award by the Nigeria institute architects.

6.           Cement award on excellent production of building materials components by the department of quantity surveyors federal Polytechnics Afikpo.

7.           Year 2005 award of excellence by West African Portland cement.

1.9        Definition of Terms

i.             Budget: A financial or quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to define period of time of policy to pursued approved, that period for the purpose of attainment or attaining a given objectives. The budget is a financial statement of expected income and expenditure of an individual the firm or the government in a Nigeria period of time.

ii.            Budgetary control: This is the establishment of budget relating the responsibility of executive to the requirement of policy and the continuous comparison actual with budgeted result, whether to secure by individual to objectives of that policy or to provide a basis for its revision.

iii.          Decision making: This can be defined as making a choice between alternative courses of action, such alternative are often characterized with uncertainties. The manager making use of various means of evaluation of alternative settles on the best alternative.

iv.   &nb

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