- The Complete Research Material is averagely 77 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Maternal mortality is a substantial burden in developing countries. World Health Organization
(WHO) estimated that 529,000 women die annually from maternal causes. Ninety-nine percent of these deaths occur in the developing countries. The situation is most horrible for women in
Sub-Saharan Africa, where one in every 16 women dies of pregnancy related causes during her lifetime, compared with only 1 in 2,800women in developed country1.
Nigeria accounts for about 10% of all the maternal deaths globally, and has the second highest mortality rate in the world, after India. It is also reported that, for every woman that dies from pregnancy-related causes, 20-30 more will develop short and long term damage to their reproductive organs resulting in disabilities such as obstetric fistula, pelvic inflammatory disease, a ruptured uterus etc2. This high morbidity and mortality rates makes maternal health a huge public health problem in the developing countries of the world, including Nigeria. For example, the percentage of birth attended by skilled professionals range from high of 81.8% in the South-east to a low of 9.8% in the North-west. Similarly, 90.1% of women in the North-West are more likely to give birth at home compared to 22.5% in the South-west. Also, 22% of the births are being attended by traditional birth attendants2.
Also the most recent Nigerian National Demographic and Health survey (NDHS)3reported maternal mortality ratio to be 545 / 100,000 live births. The data showed wide regional disparity in maternal mortality ratios between the different geopolitical zones of the country3. The report showed that average maternal mortality ratio in northern Nigeria was 2420 (range:1060 - 4477) per 100,000 live births4,5,6,7, while similar data in the southern parts of the
country were considerably lower - between 454 and 772/100,000 live births8,9. There is increasing evidence that this difference in maternal mortality between the northern and southern parts of the country may be due to disparity in the accessibility and utilization of health services, especially differences in the availability of skilled birth attendants between the regions.Every pregnant woman faces the risk of sudden, unpredictable complications that could end in death or injury to herself or to her infant. Pregnancy related complications cannot be reliably predicted, hence, it is necessary to employ strategies to overcome such problems as they arise.
Maternal mortality and morbidity are complex problems that require interventions10. Improving maternal mortality has received recognition at a global level as evidenced by the inclusion of reducing maternal mortality in the Millennium Development Goals. Since it is not possible to predict which women will experience life -threatening obstetric complications that lead to maternal mortality, receiving care from a skilled provider (doctor, nurse or midwife) during childbirth has been identified as the single most important intervention in safe motherhood11.
Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) is a strategy to promote the timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care, especially during childbirth, based on the theory that preparing for childbirth and being ready for complications reduces delays in obtaining this care.
Lack of advance planning for use of a skilled birth attendant for normal births, and particularly inadequate preparation for rapid action in the event of obstetric complications, are well documented factors contributing to delay in receiving skilled obstetric care. In a skilled care approach, birth preparedness includes identifying a skilled provider and making the necessary plans to receive skilled care for all births. Complication readiness (emergency funds, transport, blood donor and designated decision-maker) receive greater emphasis in emergency obstetric
care programs. Birth preparedness has been globally endorsed as an essential component of safe motherhood programs to reduce delays for care10, 11.
In many societies in the world, cultural beliefs and lack of awareness inhibit preparation in advance for delivery and expected baby. Since no action is taken prior to the delivery, the family tries to act only when labor begins. The majority of pregnant women and their families do not know how to recognize the danger signs of complications. When complications occur, the unprepared family will waste a great deal of time in recognizing the problem, getting organized, getting money, finding transport and reaching the appropriate referral facility these delays can cause maternal death12.
For Some complications including; severe hemorrhage, a few hours matter to save life, while for others hours or even days may be tolerable but with the prognosis getting worse as time elapses.
Complication readiness is vital to survival. Complications need quick action. The interval from onset to death for ante-partum and postpartum hemorrhage can be approximately 12 hours and 2 hours respectively. The hours required for making arrangements which should have been made prior to the emergency, may define the line between survival and mortality10, 12. If the woman and her family are well prepared for normal child birth as well as any possible maternal or new born complications, the woman or baby are more likely to receive the skilled and timely care needed to preserve health and ensure survival. Although most of the time focuses on what the skilled provider, the woman, and her family can do to prepare for birth and possible complications, birth preparedness or complication readiness is actually a community-wide issue12.
1.2Rationale and Justification of the Study
Maternal and infant mortality rates are unacceptably high in most developing countries. Material mortality rate in Nigeria is 545/100.000 live births 3. Despite global efforts to reduce maternal mortality ratio by 75% by the year 2015 (Millennium Development Goal-5, MDG-5), it is worrisome that the maternal mortality rate remains high in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Enugu state has a maternal mortality rate ranging from 772 and 998 per 100,000 women which is high13.Therefore, there is need to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in this study area.
1.3 General and Specific Objectives
General Objective
The study is to assess knowledge and practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in Enugu Metropolis.
Specific Objective
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply

You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR PUBLIC HEALTH FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG WORKERS OF SEVEN-UP BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, KADUNA PLANT
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Occupational Health is defined by the Joint Committee of International Labour Office and the World Health Organisation as &ld...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 97 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
2. EFFECT OF COUNSELING ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS
» Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is in its third decade and has reached to alarming pr...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
3. A HOSPITAL-BASED SURVEY ON HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS AND RISK FACTORS IN KANO METROPOLIS
» ABSTRACT Introduction/Background: Brucellosis is a zoonosis of major public health significance that occurs worldwide in both man and animals. Human b...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
4. EXAMINING THE DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL FACILITIES, A CASE STUDY OF KARASUWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE.
» .0 INTRODUCTION: Health service research is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infir...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
5. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
» ABSTRACT Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of needle stick injuries and blood borne pathogens, such as HIV, and Hepatitis B a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
6. LEAD RESIDUES IN TISSUES OF ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED AT GUSAU MODERN ABATTOIR, ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
» SUMMARY Lead is a bioaccumulative heavy metal usually found in nature combined with other elements to form lead compounds. Over 400 children were repo...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 87 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
7. EVALUATION OF DRUG REVOLVING FUND (DRF) IN GENERAL HOSPITAL, TORO, BAUCHI STATE
» ABSTRACT Context: The “out of stock syndrome” and irrational drug use with their associated consequences that characterized our health fac...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 95 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
8. HIV PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONGST PRISON INMATES IN KUJE FEDERAL PRISON, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA, JANUARY, 2013.
» Summary In prisons, prevalence of HIV infection, overcrowding and poor prison conditions and diseases are of public health importance. This study was ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 150 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
9. SPATIO TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF WATERBORNE DISEASES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY. Waterborne diseases are a major health issue, because of the burden they place on man. Waterborne d...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
10. MALARIA PARASITE AND ITS EFFECT TO HUMAN HEALTH (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL (UNTH), ENUGU)
» ABSTRACT The detection of malaria parasite in the blood, which is as the major aim of this project was carried out and experimental data shows the exi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT