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ABSTRACT
Dairy wastewater is increasingly becoming an environmental concern. There is a widespread interest
in the use of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) to hydrolyze lactose in milk and dairy products which
aid in improving their functional and digestive properties. An attempt was made to isolate fungi from
dairy effluent using standard culture techniques. Physicochemical characteristics and proximate
composition of the dairy effluent was analyzed. The fungi isolated were subsequently screened using
Ortho-nitrophenol-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) discs method for potential to produce beta-
galactosidase. The isolate showing beta-galactosidase activity was selected and used to produce
beta-galactosidase under submerged fermentation using the dairy effluent as a substrate. A total of
nine (9) fungi were isolated from the dairy effluent belonging to the Genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus,
Rhizomucor and Penicillium with Aspergillus having the highest frequency of occurrence (67%).
Physicochemical analyses of the raw dairy effluent revealed the effluent had a pH of 6.8 (±0.20),
electrical conductivity of 645µs/cm (±1.00) and total dissolved solids of 324mg/L (±2.00). The
dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were 200mg/L (±1.00) and 100mg/L (±1.70)
respectively while the nitrates, phosphates and sulfates were 1.4x10-3% (±1.0x 10-4), 54.94mg/L
(±0.79) and 13.66mg/L (±0.61) respectively. The proximate composition of the dairy effluent
revealed ash, lipid, protein and carbohydrate contents were 0.15% (±0.01), 5.85% (±0.02), 0.88%
(±0.01) and 13.13% (±0.00) respectively. Only Rhizopus species showed beta-galactosidase activity
and was used to produce extracellular beta-galactosidase. A maximum beta-galactosidase activity of
4.65U/mL (±0.02) was obtained with the selected Rhizopus species. It was concluded that Rhizopus
species could be a potential fungal strain for beta-galactosidase production using the dairy effluent as
substrate.
CHAPTER ONE
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