1. Introduction

Migration is a phenomenon discussed more often in the age of globalisation. Undeniably, the latter brought the economical, social, political shrinkage from different parts of the world due to new technology to communicate and ease to travel. However, migration has always existed but it has become a global issue by the media and politicians. In fact, it is frequently forgotten how migrants as diasporic community could contribute to the poverty alleviation and developmental process of their homeland. The notion of diaspora is complex and important in understanding the relations of migrants within their communities and the country of origin. Indeed, throughout history, diasporas were seen as forced displaced people and, consequently, defined as victims. However, the role of diasporas is significantly recognized as actor of development due to the feeling of belonging which shapes their behaviour in exile and the willingness to participate in the political, economical and social development of the home country. The role of the Eritrean diaspora is complex to understand concerning the involvement in the development of the homeland. In fact, the historical context is the primary reason in its present involvement and gives reason to this diasporic unity. Indeed, the state of Eritrea is aware of the diaspora major role for its reconstruction, its financial support during conflict and its social and economical contribution. It is an interesting subject which is still un-researched at global scale. The aim is to understand the combination of globalisation and national identity combined with development. Claiming that globalisation has caused transnational ties between diaspora throughout the world and linkage with the homeland will be challenged in regards to the Eritrean community in Switzerland. This specific case is a small part of the transnational trends among Eritreans which existed far beyond the process of globalisation. Therefore, history can shape the present behaviour of migrant communities and it would be interesting to analyse the Eritrean community from the first generation and the youth in their notion of the homeland and if the involvement of the elders is resented towards the younger generation in keeping the national roots ‘alive’.

It is, therefore, important to look at the literature regarding the concept of migration in the global era and its linkage with development through the explanations of different approaches: Neo-Classical Theory, Historical-Structural Approach and Migration Systems Theory. The understanding of migration approaches and its impact on development will, thus, introduce the concept of diaspora as an effect of the migratory movement and the increasing awareness of its role will be enhanced in the second chapter. The latter will look at scholars’ explanation of diasporas and globalisation, the typologies of diaspora and the relations with the homeland.

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