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ABSTRACT
This study examined indigeneity and citizenship question in Sarduana LGA of Taraba State. Sardauna LGA located in the former Northern Cameroons is bounded by the Republic of Cameroun, with ethnic population traversed Nigeria-Cameroun
boundaries. It reviewed literatures to note that scholars tended to
have paid less attention to the study of indigeneity and citizenship
question among ethnic groups
traversed by international boundaries of states. This study adopted the
‘one shot ex-post facto design’. It relied on qualitative technique to
generate data from secondary sources. The method of data analysis
used was the qualitative-descriptive analysis of documented evidence from the existing data. However, it adopted the Marxian
political economy approach. The study discovered that historical
trajectories, which led to the incorporation of Northern Cameroons into
Nigeria, marked the beginning of indigeneity and citizenship question in
Sardauna LGA. The study found that indigeneity and citizenship question
in Sardauna LGA is a contested outcome of political struggles among
ethnic political class for valued resources. Nevertheless, it also found
that differential treatment of ethnic groups by the state and its
agencies informed by localisation of citizenship in Nigeria contributed
to the foreignisation of ethnic groups in Sardauna LGA. The study noted
that ethnic settlers exist because some ethnic groups have decided to
make themselves indigenes in Sardauna LGA, despite the traversed nature
of ethnic identity across the Nigeria-Cameroun boundaries. The study
recommend among others, that the government must take proactive step to
formalise the citizenship status of ethnic groups in Sardauna LGA by
insert the clause(s) in the constitution to recognise the peculiarity of
their historical and political as United Nations trusteeship territory,
which choose to be part of Nigeria by plebiscite conducted in 1961.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the Study
Nigeria as a country is suffering from several deep-seated
identity–based crises. These crises are what refer as ‘national
question’ and they are rooted in the strugggles for the control of
economic resources and political power (Ojiji & Bassey, 2008; Momoh
& Adejumobi, 2001; Momoh, 2001; Sklar, 2004). These crises include
among others, indigeneity and citizenship question. The crises
associated with indigeneity and citizenship embryonically started early
during the colonial era in Nigeria. Since the colonial era, the
government and other stakeholders gave little or no attention to address
the looming
challenges associated with indigeneity and citizenship question in
Nigeria. Today, the national question is a serious problem in Nigeria.
Ethnic claim to indigeneity and citizenship and the challenges arising
from such claims have had serious implications for nation and state
building, as well as democratic consolidation, not only in Nigeria but
also throughout Africa (Nzongola-Ntalaja, 1987, 1993 & 2004;
Wamba-dia-Wamba, 1996).
Touring down the historical lane, the origin of indigeneity and
citizenship question in Nigeria as it is throughout Africa, started with
the scramble for Africa in 19th century – a process that later
culminated to the contemporary challenges associated with the claims to
indigenousness, nativity, aboriginality, and territoriality of the
ethnic communities in Africa. In this connection, Meredith (2011:1)
states thus:
During the scramble for Africa at the end of the nineteenth century,
European powers staked claims to virtually the entire continent. At
meetings in Berlin, Paris, London and other capitals, European
political leaders and diplomats bargained over separate spheres of
interest they intended to establish there. … When marking out the
boundaries of their new territories, European negotiators frequently
resorted to drawing straight lines on the map, taking little or no
account of the myriad of traditional monarchies, chiefdoms and other
African societies that existed on the ground
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