CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (PREAMBLE)

Technology has played an important role in man’s development and thus, has helped to shape the world as it is seen today. This could be seen in all facets of industrial ventures, hence the introduction of new products into the market.

Man’s growing desire to hold two or more substance together by surface attachment so that they can be used a s a single piece coupled with the technological advancement has given birth to a broad range of adhesive production to serve this purpose.

The technique of adhesive bonding has come of age. It is not possible to say when the practice was first developed and used. From history, history made us to believe that the first adhesive even made or used by man was probably clay, animal glue and resinous exudates from trees, of which is known to go back a very long way over 3300 years ago.

The Egyptians used vegetable glue adhesives in wood works and in the production of Papyri. It was during the 19th century that there was technological advancement which led to the sourcing and production of varieties of adhesive. In 1912, F.G Parkins found out that starch could be converted by mild caustic soda solution into a liquid glue that was stable at room temperature.

Most of the popular adhesive currently in use in the country are imported as such the clamour for adhesive that are locally produced has been on primary concern for embarking on this project. It is the aim of this project to produce wood adhesive from local raw materials using maize or corn or cassava as the case study or reference study. Though starch can be extracted from plants for example corn, barley, wheat and potatoes and cassava but for simplicity sake have to be reduced to maize and cassava.

1.2            MEANING OF ADHESIVE

There is no universally accepted definition of adhesive, however an adhesive is defined by its usage. It could be defined a substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment.

The need to hold two or more substances together by surface attachment so that they can be used as a single piece without damage done to the adherents and with more uniform distribution of stress calls for the production of adhesive. Adhesive development has evolved into a field practically on its own, where the market for more specialized adhesives has emerged.

They are now used for a variety of purposes ranging from packaging materials, book binding, hold wood together, brake lining, where they would have reduced surface to surface contact required. The reasons for joining these surfaces is the get a composite is to effect every handling and create a better outlook.

The working properties of the different adhesives vary therefore various methods were used to obtain an adhesive to serve a defined purpose.

1.3            AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

a.                 Because of the growing need for adhesive in our industries, it is the aim of this project to produce wood adhesive from local raw materials.

b.                 It seeks to utilize our available resources that are abundant in nature and cheap to secure.

c.                  It is also aimed at producing wood adhesive for our industries so that we can achieve self and economic reliance by reducing our dependence on imported variety or foreign adhesive.

d.                 It also helps to create employment for unemployed youths since adhesive industry does not require complex machinery.

1.4            THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The research work involves the extraction from a locally sourced material for simplicity sake, adhesive formulation under different production condition, to determine the effects of varying production composition on the production. The project would also involve the analysis of the formulation gotten. It also determines the cost of production per annum of small scale plant.

Comparison between standard (wood adhesive gotten from the market) and that produced from this project. It is done by detailed analyst of the production properties.

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