CHAPTER ONE

1.0       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The most accepted account of the origin and the real background of the Gbagyi people, however, say the people originated from Borno, in the North east of Nigeria. Temple (1919), says it is possible that they are indigenous to Zamfara, the districts stretching down to the Southern part of Zaria province. This makes it easy for them to be more influenced by these other groups who are considered to be more influential than them.

Nadel, as quoted by Malafia (2008:4) believes that the Gbagyi who came originally from Borno are Beriberi in origin. This assertion was supported by Backwell (1932:31) in Mailafia (2008). He said that, Borno is their (Gbagyi) traditional country of origin, and the Gwari Genge of Abuja claim to be of Egyptian descent and treasure a substance resembling a lapis lazuli which is said to have been brought from Egypt. Historians like Ishaku Baraje as quoted in Mailafia (1990:44), -also supported the above assertion but added that, the Gbagyi lived in Saudi Arabia and later migrated into Africa because the Islamic religion spread in the country. They crossed into Africa in small groups. They later settled in Borno with the Kanuri Beriberi- and other ethnic groups. This is strongly supported by many Gbagyi. This group believes that the Gbagyi and the Kanuri share common facial marks and other similar cultural practices although; this claim is not supported by linguistic evidence there are other postulations of the origin of the Gbagyi. Bmyanyiko (1997) wrote that the Gbagyi migrated from the Chadian region into Borno about 1400 AD but later migrated into Kano and further into Zaria by 1700AD which might be the only connection that exists between Hausa and Gbagyi.

1.1       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is no doubt that culture and tradition has become the greater influences of norms, practices, belief system of every African society. These cultural and traditional practices post numerous challenges in allowing modernization to have immense influence in which the people so much rely on traditional norms and practices which have conflicting views in accepting modernization and hinder growth and development in Gbagyi land in terms human development capacity, acceptance of technological means in the smooth running of economic activities in Gbagyi land. Thus, this research intends to solve such fundamental problem in Gbagyi land.

1.2       AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This research work has following Aim and Objectives:

I.                To clearly gives stages of modernization in global society.

II.              To elucidate the basic elements of modernization in global society.

III.            To highlight both negative and positive impact of modernization in 21 century.

IV.            To highlight the impact of modernization in Gbagyi land.

V.              To succinctly elaborate on the comparative and contrastive view of modernization in Gbagyi.

VI.            To give a clear historical background and the influence of modernization in Gbagyi land.

1.3       RESEARCH QUESTION

The researcher work has following questions:

I.                What is the elements that characterized modernization in the global society?

II.              How can we mitigate or cope with the fundamental problem of modernization in the 21st century?

III.            How modernization does affects the culture of Gbagyi people?

IV.            What is the common elements of modernization and Gbagyi culture?

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research work has the following significance of the research study:

I.                This research work enable us to know the negative and positive impacts of   modernization in Gbagyi land.

II.              This research work enhance good cultural practices and it relations to civilization with the view to eradicate or rather reduce the ill social norms in the contemporary society.

III.            This research work suggests further ways to harness cultural practices of the people of Gbagyi land.

IV.            The researcher elucidates on the needs of modernization in the 21st century.

V.              The research work also highlights the effect of modernization on developments.

VI.            This research work could be used as source of material for further research study.

1.5       RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The research study has the following hypothesis:

i.                 Ho: Modernization has great influence in Gbagyi land.

ii.               Ha: Modernization has no great influence in Gbagyi land.

1.6       SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research study sample out it research work at Bugai in Chikun local government area of Kaduna state with the view to acquire adequate information needed for the research work.

1.7       LIMITATION OF THE STUDIES

The researcher is prompt to face some fundamental problem such as:

Financial constraints, means of sources materials for adequate information, challenges of communication with the people designated in sample area, time constraints.

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

I.                MODERNIZATION: Wilbert E. Moore defines modernization as “the ‘total’ transformation of a traditional or pre-modern society into the types of technology and associated social organization that characterize the ‘advanced’, economically prosperous, and relatively politically stable nations of the Western World”.

II.             DEVELOPMENT:  Bader, O. (2012) development is an improvement in peoples wellbeing  which also connote of lasting change providing a person with bednet or a water pump can often be an excellence cause effective way to improve a wellbeing of a person.

III.           PRIMITIVE: Primitive means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple way, usually without industries or a writing system.

IV.           CULTURE: Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.

V.              ETHNICITY: refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. That is, ethnicity is a shared cultural heritage. The most common characteristics distinguishing various ethnic groups are ancestry, a sense of history, language, religion, and forms of dress

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