ABSTRACT

The objectives of the study are as follows: To ascertain the extent to which prison congestion in Nigeria poses a serious constraints on prison administration, to find out the extent funding has affected on the administration of Nigeria prison and to verify the extent to which lack of rehabilitation and correctional equipment in Nigeria Prisons constitutes a constraint to rehabilitation of inmates, and also the prevention of crime in Nigeria. The researcher adopted a survey design using Nigerian Prison Service, Agodi Gate Ibadan as a case study. The data used were mainly from primary sources which supported secondary sources. Data generated were analysed using tools like simple tables, and percentage. The findings showed that inadequate funding of prisons by federal government of Nigeria constitutes an impediment to effective administration of Nigeria Prisons, lack of correlation facilities for the rehabilitation of offenders in Nigeria prisons is positively related to the increase of recidivism among prison inmates, the Nigeria extant laws on prisons have impacted negatively on the administration of her Prisons. The study recommended among other things that federal government should increase the funding of Nigeria Prison, and the need for government to amend the extant laws on prison to emphasize punishment and grant the rehabilitation of both Awaiting Trial Men (ATM) and the convicted.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     Introduction

Crime is any act or behaviour which violates the norms (normative behaving) of a society. This would mean that a criminal should be seen as any person who breaks any of the rules or norm of behaviour by which society is governed and has the possibility of affecting the wellbeing of other members of the society. (Roth 2006) Therefore, the importance of crime prevention and control, maintenance of law and order to the development and growth of a society, both in the physical and economic sense, cannot be over emphasized.

Roth (2006) is of the opinion that ‘it is only a mind that is secured and at peace that can rationally address the issues of procreation, economic development and societal growth. A disturbed mind is a restless and distraught personality. It is therefore imperative to have peace and order in the society to assure its growth and development. The role of law enforcement in the maintenance of peace and order as well as crime prevention in the society is a foregone conclusion.

Every man by nature is selfish and self-centered, in most cases; he needs the presence of the state institution of law enforcement to be able to act right. By its establishment philosophy, the Nigerian Prisons Service is an institution meant to administer penal treatment to adult offenders. It is an important and   indispensable institution in the bid to reduce crime in the society. On the basis of imprisonment policy, the Nigerian Prisons Service was established to manage criminals in prison yards. These constitutional functions empower the prison operatives to:

·        Keep convicted offenders (prisoners) in safe custody

·        Keep awaiting trial inmates in custody, until law courts demand their production

·        Punish offenders as prescribed by the law courts

·        Reform the convicted prisoners

·        Rehabilitate and re-integrate prisoners who have completed the sentences in the prison. (Hannah, 2012)

Inferring from the above, the main aim of establishing the prison institution in all parts of the world including Nigeria is to provide a rehabilitation and correctional facility for those who have violated the rules and regulations of their society. However, the extent to which this maxim is true in practice has been a subject of controversy. Instances abound where the prisons have become a training ground for criminals instead of rehabilitation home in Nigeria (Obioha 2011).

Prison Administration is a complex dynamics of various divisions or units that provide a range of services in the management of prisons. Such services may include policy formulation and implementation, finance and budgeting, personnel management and operations and such others. (Aina, 2010). Prison Administration is further executed by other institutions of government who are co-players in ensuring a holistic management of the prison system. Such institutions include the police which are saddled with the responsibility of arresting, investigating, interrogating and prosecuting an offender. However, the worry about the manifestation that Nigerian Prisons Service has not lived up to expectation in terms of impacting positively on the lives and vocations of inmates has raised several questions that have not yet been completely addressed on the system’s functions and existence. Invariably, all of these issues cannot be isolated from the dynamics involved in prison administration in Nigeria which is characterized by the system failure identified with the key players such as the police and the judiciary, which are saddled with collaborative roles in achieving effective prison administration.

With these key players generally being indicted of corruption and the Nigeria police specifically being alleged of ineptitude especially as regards investigations of cases, the judiciary also being accused of perennial delay in criminal trials as well as the Nigeria Prisons Service itself being undermined by shortcomings such as undue political interference, inadequate facilities, irregular and inadequate training for staff and inmates, in fact, the effectiveness of the Nigerian prison system might have been eroded (Emeka, 2011).

The drive to re-position the Nigerian Prisons Service for an improved service delivery in concert with other key players involved in prison administration in Nigeria has therefore necessitated this study. It is against this background that this study is considered pertinent in order to inquire into prison administration and crime prevention in Nigeria with a particular reference to Nigerian Prison Service, Agodi Gate Ibadan.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

The prison system is an integral component of the whole process of criminal justice system and crime prevention. The main aim of establishing the prison institution in all parts of the world including Nigeria is to provide a rehabilitation and correctional facility for those who have violated the rules and regulations of their society. However, the extent to which this maxim is true in practice has been a subject of controversy. Instances abound where the prisons have become a training ground for criminals instead of rehabilitation home in Nigeria (Obioha 2011)

Issues have been raised on security of lives and property of the citizens, safe custody of inmates, prison congestion, unavailability of detainees in court resulting in adjournment of cases, unhygienic and dilapidated prison environment sometimes resulting in epidemics ill treatment of inmates resulting in recidivism, low level of training on meaningful undertakings resulting into failure in rehabilitation of prisoners and proper integration into the society after prison terms (Ogunwumiju, 2013).

1.3     Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study examines prison administration and crime prevention in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to;

1.     examine the objectives of establishing the Nigerian Prisons Service

2.     identify the relationship between effective prison administration and reduction in the occurrence of criminal activities in Nigeria

3.     investigate the challenges confronting the administration of Nigerian Prisons and its role in crime prevention in Nigeria

4.     Suggest recommendations towards improving the effectiveness of prison administration in Nigeria.

1.4     Research questions

a)     How does prison congestion pose serious constraint to effective prison administration in Nigeria?

b)    Does inadequate funding constitute an impediment to effective prison administration in Nigeria?

c)     Has the extant law on prison in Nigeria impacted negatively on prison administration in Nigeria?

d)    Does the inadequacy of correctional and rehabilitative equipment have constrained efforts at correction and rehabilitation of prison inmates, as well as crime prevention?

1.5     Statement of Hypotheses

Hypothesis One

Ho: Effective prison administration is not one of the viable instruments of crime control and prevention in Nigeria

H1: Effective prison administration is one of the viable instruments of crime control and prevention in Nigeria

Hypothesis Two

H0: There is no meaningful relationship between effective prison administration and reduction in the rate of criminal act in Nigerian societies

H1: There is meaningful relationship between effective prison administration and reduction in the rate of criminal act in Nigerian societies

Hypothesis Three

H0: Inadequate facilities and poor training are not factors seriously affecting effective prison administration and rehabilitation of prisoners in Nigeria.

H1: Inadequate facilities and poor training are factors seriously affecting effective prison administration and rehabilitation of prisoners in Nigeria.

1.6     Significance of the Study

This study is highly significant in its intense concern with respect to the current rate of crime within the Nigerian societies. The study intends to reveal the nexus between effective prison administration and crime prevention in Nigeria. Hence, the study will endeavour to probe into the challenges facing the Nigerian prison service and possible solutions would be suggested.

Also, the study will advance the frontiers of knowledge in the area of profound impact which the prison system exerts on the security of lives and properties of the citizens and reformation of the prisoners as orchestrated not only by the Nigerian Prisons Service but also other collaborative institutions.

 The study will be beneficial to security agencies especially the officers of `Nigerian prison service, the general readers and future researchers who may be interested in this kind of research study

1.7     Scope of the Study 

This study covers the prison administration and crime prevention in Nigeria with its scope limited to Nigerian Prison Service, Agodi Gate Ibadan. Therefore, the investigation of this study will be restricted to the members of staff of the Nigerian Prison Service, Agodi Gate Ibadan.

1.8     Definitions of Operational Terms

·        Prison: Prison refers to any officially designated place usually fortified for the purpose of confinement of persons considered guilty of offence in order to punish, correct and rehabilitate such persons.

·        Administration: Administration implies the process of coming together of two or more people to achieve a predetermined objective. It is a process of getting things done through people.

·        Crime: Crime is any act or behaviour which violates the norms (normative behaving) of a society.

·        Crime Prevention: Crime prevention is a process or measure put in place by the government in order to reduce the occurrence of criminal behaviour in the society

Criminal: A criminal is a person who has been convicted to have violated the rules, laws or norms of the society                                             

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