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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Communication is most essential human
distinctive quality, which makes possible various links, contacts and
interactions among various organizations.
Communication is also a
universal phenomenon that has been applied to great variety of uses by
various people all over the world because it touches nearly every share
of human endeavors
Communication therefore is a very broad term is
capable of having various semantic interpretations LITTLE (1980)
described communication as a channel on of a world changing the colour
of its meaning with a change of speakers or listeners.
The word
Communication takes its roots from communication word which mean
“common” when a source speaker or writer communicates what he tries to
do is to commonness with his audience, the source tries to share certain
information, experience, idea, facts, beliefs, attitude and
redisposition e.t.c with his audience.
As a result, the word
communication because of its universal nature and multi-disciplinary
application has attracted several definitions from writers and experts
in various field of studies.
Communication according to LUCEY(1991)
is the transmission of information which involves the inter-change of
facts, thought, value judgment and opinions which can take many form
like face-to face conversation, telephone calls, letters, reports
tabulations e.t.c
Communication according to ELEDU(1998) is the
process of conveying information from one person or group of person,
department or organisation to another through post, telephone, message
services or by other means which includes transmission of memoranda,
reports, instructions, minutes of meetings, invoices, orders, estimates,
drawings e.t.c
The first definition extrays the important element of
communication which is the presence of the parties involved in
communication, that is, the sender, and the receiver and this is the
clearly stated in the second definition.
The two definitions have
only enumerated the channel of communication like mutual understanding
of the message by the parties Involved more of definitions shall be
discussed in chapter Two of this project.
1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Over the years, significance of this
study has been recognized by many experts. The major important of this
research work is to examine the human problems that normally occur in
communication process of initiating transacting and receiving formation
to focus on the identification of barriers to good and effective
communication especially those that involves interpersonal relationship
into the people. This research work would be of assistance of students,
researchers and business organization who often make use of human effort
to attain a corporate goal and objectives.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A company must have an adequate
knowledge of its counterparts and the cost of production inn order to
determine the effective communication model. The necessity of building
various model of communication is to solve the problem being encountered
by various companies because many companies had failed and wound up due
to wrong application of effective communication model of their
products.
However, most of the enterprises have adopted the use of
various communication models, which has become functional and
successful.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is expected to
cover all the departments in the company (Okin Biscuits Nigeria
limited), all the management and staff, the customers within the
environment in which the company operates.
The limitation of the
study: During the course of getting adequate and reliable information as
regards this research study, I encountered some problems which serve as
hindrances from getting accurate information. All efforts to secure a
viable and sufficient information regarding this project were not
appreciated by the management of the company. As a result, the
management fails to supply all the information needed to enhance the
complete success of this research work.
Shortage of fund is another
limitation of this study: As a student, one problems encountered again
was inadequate capital together all the data needed from the company
immediately, as this has been noticed, the information’s were gathered
in a hurry, to avoid high transport cost.
Another problem is that
some of the staff was demanding for money out information and this makes
me to do away with some channels which I found unnecessary.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Some of the research hypothesis to be used or tasted include
i. Ho: There is no significant relationship effective communication and poor management
Hi: There is no significant relationship between ,effective communication and poor management
ii. Ho: There is no significant relationship between employee efficiency and effective communication.
Hi: There is significant relationship between employee’s efficiency and effective communication.
1.5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
The name of the
organization is Okin Biscult Nigeria Limited which located at Offa in
Kwara State. It is a private limited liability company owned by Chief
Adeoye, a native of Offa in Kwara State. The Industry, which has been in
operation for the past 30 years, was established in 1980. It engages in
production of biscuits, foam and transportation services. The industry
has about seven departments namely: production, accounting,
administrative, personnel, engineering, marketing and public relation
departments.
The production techniques in the industry are capital
intensive for manufacturing process and labour intensive for
transportation services.
In the early stage, due to the fact that the
product of Okin Biscult Nigeria Limited was just introduced, fewer
people were employed.
The market demand now has forced the industry to expand and more people to be employed.
The
objectives of this company is to give employment .opportunity to the
people of that community (offa) and to increase the standard of living
of the people of that community. There target is to provide customers
need in a profitable manner. It is the policy of the industry to manage
the raw materials such that production process can run smoothly.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The Sender: This is also referred to as
the sources, the encoder, the transmitter or the communication of the
message. He is the one who has a ‘thought’ or an idea which is then
encoded in a way that can be understood by both the sender The Channel:
It is the actual convey or of the message and it links the sender with
the receiver. The message may be oral or written and it may be
transmitted through a memorandum, a computer, the telephone, a telegram,
a television or face to face.
The Medium: This refers to the form by
which the source elects to transfer his message to the receiver. The
time media available to the source are the oral, the written and non
verbal.
The Feedback: This is the receiver’s response to the source
message and his marks the final stage of communication process or
negative depending on the receivers level of understanding of the
message and the impact or effect the message has no the receiver.
Noise:
This refers to all the distraction which may obtain any stage of
communication process. There are three types of noise namely: physical
noise, psychological noise and linguistic noise
Stimulus: It is
something which propels the communication encounter. It is an element
that is closely associated with the source. Stimulus is the idea
conceived the source or communicator at the interpersonal level.
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