CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1       Introduction

Literary works are imaginative or creative writing which serve as medium of communication . It can be piece of writing, written material, that are the works of a writer, anything expressed in letters of alphabet especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect.Havelock(15).

 Literary works could be fictional or a dipiction real life situation  literary often meant to project the rural and urban life of people. Literary works can be inform of novels,poetry and plays . The use of litrary works in order to make critique of how to promote HIV AWARENESS in the reference to a work of art Hope Harvesters. The writer is an artist.It is an interllectual activity involving skills which enable us to determine among written works,the grain from the chaff so as to make reasoned judgement upon literary works based on some well define criteria according to Ahmed(65).It is an exercise in critical judgement which are to a large extent,highly subjective relying on the personal reponses of the critic as a reader(65)

T.A Richards sees criticism as part of activity in literary works as the endeavour to discriminate between experiences and to evaluate them (64).

The world is in great danger as captured in the play “Hope Harvesters” there has never been a time in history that the world has faced the danger of faces today, the international community is watching as HIV/AIDS pandemic tightens its grip on the world especially in Africa.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the resultant Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain foremost global health and development challenges. The numbers of people living with HIV worldwide has continued to grow reaching an estimated 33.4 million in 2008 (UNADS, 2009). Globally it is estimated that 2.7 million AIDS related deaths occurred in 2008.

HIV/AIDS was discovered in about 1981 and the first case in Nigeria was discovered in 1986, in a 13year old girl, since then the increasing trend of transmission and numerous deaths have been attributed to the ravaging disease. The denial about the existence of HIV/AIDS did not help matters, his affected families, communities, state, the country and the global society at large. The reality has become true that it is a development and not only a health problem, hence the multi sectoral spread and mitigated of the impact of the disease.

HIV/AIDS has been found to attract mostly youths and woman in the reproductive and productive age group day in, day out. Many of the youths has gone for untimely deaths, this not with standing, the challenge posed by HIV remains phenomenal; for every 2 new persons place on anti-retroviral 5 new individuals get infected.

Despite significant gains achieved through improved access to ARVS the epidemic in sub-saharan African continues to outpace the response. To reverse this trend, there is a need to elevate the priority given to HIV prevention strategies with actual needs. This will contribute to greater success in preventing new HIV. Infections which is critical to active Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6 “to halt and reverse the spread of HIV by 2015” with potential to contribute to the achievement of other MDGs and other national development goals.

Nigeria HIV prevalence is estimated at 3.6% based on a general population survey (EMOH, 2007). The HIV prevalence among pregnant woman (antenatal care sentinel survey) was 4.6% (EMOH, 2008) which indicate an improvement from 5.8% in 2001. Current estimate of people with HIV in Nigeria is 2.98 million implying that over 95% Nigerians are infected.

This scenario thus underscores the need for laying premium on HIV prevention efforts, while concomitantly addressing the challenges of treatment needs for those infected and mitigating other impact of infection has been rightly emphasized by the country’s National policy thrust as reflected in the National policy thrusts as reflected in the revised National HIV/AIDS policy (Oct. 2009) the National strategic frame work (2010-2015) (NSF 11) and the National strategic plan(2010-2015).Thus the need to operationalised  this priority placed on HIV prevention in these research work. Through the provision of a National guide on HIV prevention programming in order to ensure a co-ordinated, well resourced effective and efficient response as part of awareness on the danger of HIV.

The sad frustration is that these is no vaccine for its cure. Everyone of us must discover and play a vital positive role that will help to stop the spread of the infection as the world continue to conduct research into a vaccine that would one day help to cure the infections as T.S Eliot captures our feeling when he wrote “The wasteland”. “I had not thought death had undone so many”, but he wrote “But at my back is cold blast and chuckle spread from ear to ear”.

The National emphasis on pracentions in the context of a comprehensive and multi-sectoral HIV and AIDS response is in line with the country’s commitment to a number of international agreements and policy frame works such as the African Unions 2006 Abuja call for Accelerated Action and the 2006 United Nations political declaration HIV/AIDS, aimed at achieving the goal of universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. (21).

In addition, the evidence base for the response has expanded through national surveys which include the National HIV/AIDS and reproductive health (NARHS 2007), integrated Biological and Behavioural surveillance survey (IBBSS, 2007), Nigeria demographic and health survey (DHS 2008). HIV/AIDS sustainability study (HAPSAT 2009) modes of transmission study (MOT 2009) data analysis and triangulation for evaluation (DATE, 2010) and social dimensions of HIV and AIDS prevention; HIV/AIDS related risks behaviours and testing and counseling in Nigeria (REACH; Inhim report, April 2010) the evidence provided by these recent studies are critical to shaping the future of prevention interventions and awareness in the country.

1:2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

HIV/AIDS which is regarded as “A weapon of mass destruction” is very much consider more deadly than the first world war nuclear and bio chemical bomb explosion which occurred in Hiroshima and Nagasaki where hundreds and thousands of people died. It is a weapon of mass destruction in the bodies of infected men and women in their millions.

          The problem remains on the fact that, this deadly virus has turn love into a terrible Spector and sex into a death gift and sentences. It is for this reason the secretary General of United Nations has declared “The war on AIDS”.

1:3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Globally we are now existing in the world of security problem where AIDS is now the problem where AIDS is now the problem and had taken away, not just the present generations but the future generation as well. This fatal disease has stretched its tantacle into every nation and into every tribe. The facts are an eye sore… flesh… dust to dust.

          The purpose of this study is to bring to the fore diverse means of making people aware of the negative impact of the disease. This by talking about sex education, financial support and showing love to those affected. The study of this nature will contribute in the HIV/AIDS campaign awareness globally.

1.4     AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The study is set out to achieve the following objectives.

a.             To identify the effect of HIV/AIDS globally

b.             To find out the roles of international organization on the prevention of AIDS

c.             To identify ways of curbing spread of HIV/AIDS in the whole world.

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTION

1.       What are the effects of HIV/AIDS globally?

2.       What are the roles played by international organization to prevent AIDS?

3.       What are the measures of curbing HIV/AIDS prevalence in our community?

1.6     SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

          The topic under research is a global issue because its affects every community and tribe. It is a grip on the world; especially in Africa. The research work is going to make a critical analysis of a play “Hope Harvester” in order to contribute to the issue in question “HIV/AIDS awareness.

1.7     SIGNIFCANCE OF THE STUDY

The battle against HIV/AIDS is the toughest battle the world will ever fight and maybe the longest. The concern to deep, the reality and the facts are overwhelming and the pain is tragic. The study is significance because it will help in the HIV awareness by making recommendations.

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