CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background of the Study

With the dynamic and sophistication in the management of business in contemporary Nigeria, one would think these challenges will be greatly met in part through the instrumentally of cost management.  However, the above lastly wish being put to practice by some organization and even when it has been established.

No conscious effort is made to mobilize the necessary resources and create a conducive environment to make the system work.  Any business form in whatever form and size have an objective to accomplish every section or goals to pursue which one tailored towards achieving the overall objective of the organization.  In other to achieve the goal set by the management.  There is the need to established a form plan of action which will provide the organization with a sense of directory and to work towards the realization of the set target.  An important management tool that provides the sense of direction and formalized the pans of the organization is cost.  If the organization has no sense of direction it is not far from grouping in the dark.  Success in any business organization has to be worked for by the management paying attention to all phases of operations.  The relevance of government in any business organization is being provided with quantitative management expression of plans through cost control.  The planned activities of the organization are controlled by contemporary actual performance with the cost.  This is achieved through the framework of performance passed by increased modern business.  There is a constant used form management to be more conscious and cost conscious in their business.

 Whatever the level of uncertainty a business entity may face, there is need for planning form obvious.  The benefit will outweigh the cost.   Many company haste derived by engaging techniques of cost management tools create for the confidence of creditors institution so that credit would be extended to them without consciously putting in place it work.  This is made a scope-goal of the system of which the ills of the light of the above that this study is uncertain and aimed at establishing the importance of cost management in order to raise the level of profit planning.

Also the fact that the more emphasis needed to make the more the level of awareness and in addition, the business community needed to be more cost conscious in order to meet the difficulties posed by the challenging government regulations.  Customers need economic situation and technological advancement.  This project therefore attempt to look at the prospect by cost management.

1.2        Statement of Problems

Cost management in the organization is the fundamental instrument for monitoring the flow of resources within business organization.  It requires review of hanger practitioners in modern day business arrangement.  Perhaps, no time is more important than to stress the sense of cost management.

In daily affairs of the business, for one thing almost all large public sector concerned in Nigeria today are experiencing ongoing privatization scheme with the ownership structure moving to investors.  The performance of stock divided pay out become very important issue which all boiled down to the profitability of the business.  Furthermore, in the past years, the discomforting trends discernible from customers and practitioners in the beverage industry is a process where increases are in cost continue to out pose generated revenue.  The simply translates into mounting heavy marking lying variable personnel.  Going by the trends, it is obvious that business organization can no longer afford to post pone consideration effective cost till the need arises business managing in the 1990s and beyond has assures a highly vocative dimension thus the ability of a firm to budget control financial resources will separate the owners from the losers in preventing economic structure reform in Nigeria.

A cost therefore should be seen as the amalgamation of various function areas in business firms.  The contention of the project therefore is that cost management should be constructed with appropriated techniques is an essential profitability in an organization.

1.3        Objectives of the Study

The major objective of this research work is to try provide significant ways in which the amount of business failure can be reduce and also to provided foresight in business activities.

This project is aimed at bringing to the render the relevance and prospect offered by cost management irrespective of the level of uncertainties surrounding the business in order to create more conscious awareness of the fact that management toil will not work unless a conducive environment has to be created for the management.

1.4        Scope of the Study

This study will be limited to those that are relevant for the purpose of this research.  This study focuses on Guinness Nigeria Plc.

1.5        Research Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this research is divided into two known as null (Ho) and alternative (Hi).  The hypothesis which the null hypothesis were rejected then, the alternative are accepted and vice versa.

The hypothesis is to be tested as follows

Hi:     Cost management contributes to business performance.

Ho:   Cost management does not contribute to business performance.

1.6        Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to be alit to ascertain the significance of cost management in business performance.  It is specific found and contribution to efficiency in business performance.  It will enable management to know the importance of cost management.  This will enable them to look at the purchase department will seriousness in an organization in which it is found, it will also be useful to students who are interested in cost accounting system and management.

1.7        Organization of the Study

To achieve the objective or stated objective of this research work a system of approach will be followed;

The study is divided into five chapters, chapter one contain the introduction of the study, scope of the study, research hypothesis, significance of the study, organization of the study, limitation of the study, definition of term and historical background of Guinness Nigeria Plc.

Chapter two contains literature review, chapter four contains the data present and analysis.

Chapter five contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

1.8        Limitation of the Study

All research work especially of this nature have their limitation, the most important handicap of the study was the look of the relevant national and publication relation to business performance through cost management.  The plant management of the Guinness Nigeria Plc, Edo State testifies that so far, no major work on the subjective business performance improvement through cost management has been down.

Another major constant was the lack of the willingness on the part of the management of some business organization corporation despite the pledge by the researcher to maintain confidentiality of any information given.

However, within this constraint guilt, a lot have been achieved and it is hope that the funding of this study would help a great deal not only in situation of any business organization.  But also in laying a good foundation for other work in the subject.

Finally, I have attempted to approved, this topic with consideration difference given the limitation on the broad ideals of students who have research in an area that is completely now to them.

1.9        Definition of Terms

In understanding the writing of this research there is the need to be well acquainted with the meaning of the key work used in this project.  We decided to define the following term to make essay more explicit for better understanding to the reader of this book.

A.          Budget:-  A plan quantify monetary terms prepared approved prior to a define period of time usually showing planning income to be generated and expenditure to be incurred during the period and the capital to be employed to affair a given objective/goal.

B.          Cost:- The amount of expenditure actual or normal incurred on or attributed to a given thing.

C.          Administration:- The cost of formulating the policy directing the organization and controlling the operation of an undertaking which is not related directly to a production selling, distribution, research or development activity or function.

D.          Production Cost:-  The cost of sequence of operation which begins with supplying materials labour and services and ends with primary packaging of the products.

E.          Selling Cost:- The cost of seeking to create and stimulate demands (also termed marketing) and recurring of order for the products.

F.           Distribution Cost:-  The cost of sequence of operation which begins with making the packages product available for dispatch and ends with the reconditioned returned empty packages if any available for reuse.

G.          Research Cost:-  The cost of the researching for new or improved product new application of material or new improved method.

H.          Development Cost:- The cost of the process which begins with the implementation of the decision to produce a new improved product or to employ new or improved method and ends with the commencement of former production of that product or by that method or process.

1.10    Background of the Company Under Study

Guinness Nigeria Plc was incorporated in Nigerian at Ikaja, Lagos State in 1962 and other branches across country.

The original name which incorporated was Guinness Nigeria Plc due to government directives to distinguish public limited liability company from other limited company.

Guinness Nigeria Plc, Benin is located along Benin Agbor read on Oregbeni Housing Estate, Ikpoba Hill, Benin City.

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