CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Solid waste disposal and management is both an urban and rural problem. Every person is a potential generator of waste and thus a contributor to this problem, (Mugambwa, 2009). To generate waste is one thing, the type of waste generated is another and yet also the way the generated waste is managed or disposed of is quite a different issue. It has more often than not turned out that the rate at which solid waste is generated is far higher than the capacity to responsibly manage this waste. Waste is generated by, and from different sectors; domestic, commercial, industry and others in many instances; the waste management responsibility has been left to the government or administrative authorities.

There is growing consensus that the immediate stakeholders in the issue of solid waste (the generators of waste), in this case the residents need to join hands with the authorities in dealing with this problem that has far-reaching environmental and human health effects. Solid waste is any unwanted or discarded solid materials that can cause environmental, social and health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2008) refers to waste as something which the owner no longer wants at a given time and space which has no current or perceived market value.

In the words of Ikhuoria (2010), waste is refuse, garbage, ashes and rubbish that are derived from places of human and animal habitation. He further grouped solid waste elements in two, decomposable refuse and non-decomposable refuse.

According to Aina (2007), of all the environmental problems facing the nation, the most obvious and most embarrassing is the municipal solid waste disposal problems. Homes towns and cities have their most devastating impact not through what they consume but what they waste.

1.2       Statement of the Problems

Improper handling of solid waste and also disposal in open spaces, road margins, tank beds, etc, give rise to potential risks to the environment and to human health. Those directly at risks are mainly people working in the field without using proper personal protective equipment for example gloves, uniforms, and face mask to protect their selves. A high percentage of waste workers and individuals who live near or on disposal sites are infected with gastrointestinal parasites, worms and related organisms (Mugambwa, 2009).

According to Kaduna State Environmental Protection Agency, (KEPA, 2000) the solid waste are threat to the environment and the health of the people. The improper disposal of solid material such as broken plastics, broken bottles, unwanted remain of foods, metal and woods pollutes the environment and affect the health of the people.

In Ungwan Rimi Market, some traders are in habit of throwing waste materials in the streets and other unapproved places which lead to the environmental pollution and render the market unfit for some form of business activities. According to Ungwan Rimi Market Development Association (AMTA, 2017) there was incident were some traders converted the back of their stall into a dumping sites throwing all form of object there which may put the public at high risk of poor water, poor sanitation and air pollution. This research work will therefore looks at the problems undermining solid waste management at Ungwan Rimi Market, Kaduna. Also, an attempt will be made to examine the determinant and deterrent of community participation in solid waste management among traders in Ungwan Rimi Market, Kaduna.

1.3       Justification of the Study

This research work was justifiable due to the following reasons:

This study will be relevant to the traders of Ungwan Rimi Market; because it will help them to adopt proper refuse disposal habit that will make the market clean and fit for any business undertaking.

The study will be justifiable due to the fact that the Kaduna State Environmental Protection Agency (KEPA) need to identify the determinant and deterrent of community participation in solid waste management for proper policy formation. Thus, this research work will aid the agency in achieving its objective.

Finally to the researchers, it will serve as a base for further research work and for other researchers it will serve as a reference material for their own research work.

1.4       Objectives of the Study

1.4.1    Broad Objective

The broad objective of this study was to find out the participation of traders in solid waste management at ungwan Rimi Market of Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State.

1.4.2    Specific Objectives

1.         To identify the level of compliance of proper solid waste disposal among traders of Ungwan Rimi Market

2.         To examine the factors associated with improper disposal of solid waste at Ungwan Rimi Market

3.         To identify the role of Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority (KEPA) on solid waste management in Ungwan Rimi market.

1.5       Research Questions

1.         Where do traders dump the solid waste they generate at Ungwan Rimi Market?

2.         What is the level of compliance of proper solid waste disposal among traders at Ungwan     Rimi Market?

3.         What role does KEPA plays in solid waste management in Ungwan Rimi market?

1.6       Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is

-        It will boost the morale of the Ungwan Rimi market people on cleanliness and serve as a catalyst in the management of waste at the market.

-        It will also result to community mobilization and participation of solid waste management among traders of Ungwan Rimi market

-        It will be a spring board for other researchers that may want to go into research on solid waste management

1.7       Delimitation of the Study

This research work limited on the activities of the traders of Unguwan Rimi Market, Kaduna on solid waste management from 2012 to 2017.

1.8       Definition of Terms

Community can be defined as people coming together to share the same culture, language, tradition, law, geography, class, and race for growth development of the community.

Community Participation is the involvement of the community in order to solve their own problem.

Determinant is having the power or equality to decide.

Deterrent is something that interferes with or delays action or progress

Waste is refuse, garbage, ashes and rubbish that are derived from places of human and animal habitation.

Solid Waste can be define as organic and inorganic waste materials produced by households, commercial, institutional and industrial activities that have lost value in the sight of the initial user.

Waste Management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.

Waste Disposal is often seen as simply removing waste from human settlement

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