CHAPTER ONE

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1     Introduction

          Over the years, management and communication specialists have sought to explain the complex processes of human communication with the help of models. It is out of this sought that transactional communication structure becomes pertinent and increasingly necessary. Communication theorists have also emphasized the importance of the two-way nature of communication in which the success of the process depends heavily upon the sender receiving feedback. Often, the sender needs frequent reassurance that his points are being received and understood. Hence, the regular confirmations we all make over the telephone. For instance, to assure our contract that we are still paying attention; yes of course No; No absolutely sure etc.

Benson, Eluwa (2003) maintains that: Without such feedbacks, the speaker wavers, soon think he may be talking into an empty void, by the same token, the sender of a written letter needs to obtain prompt confirmation that the message is being dealt with.

So most of us understand the importance of communication both in our private lives and in our jobs, unfortunately, because we all engage in communication every day from biology we tend to assume too much knowledge it. Aghaowa (2001) say that it is not just enough to see communication as the process of stimulus and responses (S-R), it certainly involves a lot more than that. As you begin to view communication as a transaction, it assumes new dimension in which sources and receiver plays interchangeable roles throughout the communicative transition.

Each communication is always both sending and receiving actively. In other word, each partner in the communication process is a source and receiver at the same time. The participants in transactional communication are actively exchange either verbal responses (gestures glances). The external environment and the internal state of each partner in the communication are interrelated.

Mazawa (1993) maintains that each partner in the communicative act is fully aware of the total communication environment. However, transactional communication itself is revolving making emphatic specifications about recurrent issues of concern. All the partners are involved in information transmission with responding reactions (feedback).

Alake (2005) says;

Communication is a process of transmitting meaning between individuals through the meaning of the message intentions; design, feelings and knowledge are transmitted from one person to another.

He continues that communication is described as interchange of thought view or opinions. It is a special process which makes interactions possible, and enables people to be social beings. This can be done through printed, electronic, oral, non- oral, verbal or non- verbal and other signs. To be effective, the sender’s words or meanings must mean the same thing to the receiver, to achieve understanding.

Therefore, in assessing the imperative of transactional communication and women empowerment, one would appreciate that women are of significant roles in the media. Ranging from gate-keeping to other facets of activities, the women in the media equally assist in proper education of the masses on the activities of the government.

1.2     Statement of Problem

No organization can survive without communication; therefore, the relevance of transactional communication cannot be overemphasized. The mass media serve as the achievable and channel of communicating with relatively large audience. The basic issue in communication is feedbacks between the message encoder and the receiver. Whereas the message itself just be clearly understood so as to enhance understanding of the content, the senders of a message correspondingly expect a feedback or reaction.

Therefore, in the course of transactional communication, this study is confronted with diagnosing how it propels women empowerment by looking critically the roles of women in the media. Thus, this study raises questions like how does transactional communication affect women empowerment. What are the elements of transactional communication; etc?

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The study has the following objectives;

1.     To examine the components of transactional communication.

2.     To know the reaction of women to transactional communication.

3.     To know whether transactional communication plays roles in women empowerment.

4.     To know the roles of the women in the mass media.

5.     To know the media channels used by women in transactional communication.

1.4     Research Questions

This study raises the following research questions;

1.     What are the components of transactional communication?

2.     What are the reactions of women of transactional communication?

3.     Does transactional communication play roles in women empowerment?

4.     What are the roles of women in the mass media?

5.     What are the media channels used by women in transactional communication?

1.5     Significance of the Study

The successful completion of this research is billed to be accompanied with several significance especially as it portrays the significance of transactional communication in an organization.  Transactional communication being thoroughly explained will offer desires of appreciation by organization, thus, business organization expecting increased productivity and administrative efficiency will be compelled to employ transactional communication in organizational information dissemination.

Moreover, the study is also billed to bring to fore the various roles of the women in the mass media. Ranging from information to education, it embraces attitudinal change.

Above all, this study is also anticipated to stimulate other researches in related discipline as it serves as a readymade source of secondary data collection.

1.6     Research Hypothesis

This study will test the following null hypothesis.

1.     There is no relationship between transactional communication and women empowerment.

2.     Transactional communication has no effect on women roles in the media.

3.     Women roles in the media are not a form of empowerment.

1.7     Scope/Delimitation of the study

The scope or delimitation of the study builds a fence around the study. This is however revolved around transactional communication which hinges on feedback and how it propels women empowerment. The study centers on women roles in the mass media.

1.8     Limitation of the study

The success of this study is confronted by diverse limitation ranging from finance to time the financial demands for the successful carrying out of this research pose tremendous problems to the researcher.

Moreover, the duration set aside for this research offers a constraint. Here, the time frame was not such that could perfectly enhance the proper study of this nature. Above all, the researcher also encountered problems in gather both the secondary and primary sources. This cut across the non-chalant attitude of the respondents in divulging relevant information.

1.9     Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as they are used in the research.

       i.            Communication: Communication is the process of transmitting meaning between individuals through the meaning of the message; intentions, design, feelings and knowledge are transmitted from one person to another.

    ii.            Transactional Communication: It is a communication set up where the sources and the receiver play interchangeable roles throughout the communicative transition.

 iii.            Empowerment: To revisit, give and or upgrade the status of someone through materialistic tendencies, or academic and social uplift.

 iv.            Women: These are persons in the human kingdom which are feminine in gender and sex.

    v.            Mass Media: These are electronic outfits that use electromagnetic devices and gadgets in sending messages to a relatively large and heterogeneous audience.

 vi.            Mass Communication: Mass communication is the process of sending messages to a large audience through the use of the mass media.

vii.            Channels: These are media of sending messages to the audience. It could be print, broadcast, outdoor or indoor.

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