- The Complete Research Material is averagely 50 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
Investigating the Potential for Job Creation in the Tourism Industry with particular reference to Disadvantaged
Communities
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the potential for tourism to impact positively on job creation especially its capacity to stimulate other sectors of the economy. This paper uses South African and international experience to demonstrate how people especially from the disadvantaged communities can participate and benefit in the tourism industry. Further, it outlines a number of factors to be considered in order to enhance tourism development. These factors include: funding, expanding infrastructure, education and training, taxing the industry intelligently, private and public partnership, ownership of the land and natural resources, marketing strategies and transformation in the tourism industry. Lastly, this paper outlines some negative aspects in the South African context, which dampen the success of tourism industry.
TABLE OF CONTENTS page 1. Introduction 3
2. Tourism potential for job creation 5
2.1 Tourism Size and Performance in South Africa 5
2.2 Employment in the Tourism Industry 6
2.3 The Capacity of the Tourism Industry to Create Jobs in South Africa 8
2.3.1 Cultural Tourism 10
2.3.2 Township cuisine 11
2.3.3 Eco-tourism 12
2.3.4 Other Business Opportunities 13
2.4 Tourism Stimulates other Sectors of the Economy 16
3. Developing South Africa’s tourism potential 17 3.1 Expanding Infrastructure 17
3.2 Intelligent Taxing 18
3.3 Education and Training 19
3.4 Partnerships in Tourism 20
3.5 Ownership of Land and Natural Resources 21
3.6 Funding 22
3.7 Marketing 23
3.8 Transformation in the Tourism Industry 24
4. The Socio-Economic Impact on Tourism 25
4.1 Crime 25
4.2 Diseases and Other Problems 26
5. Concluding remarks 28
6. Bibliography 30
1. INTRODUCTION
The low level of economic growth and the rigid labor market structure in South Africa makes it difficult for the formal economy to absorb the new labor force entering the market. This rapidly increases the level of unemployment. In 1997, unemployment was estimated at 38%. With the South African labor force growing at approximately 2 –2.5 % a year, this means that 300 000 people are coming into the labor market each year (Orkin 1999). According to Pape (1999), employment in South Africa since 1994 has dropped form 40 000 down to approximately 22 000 in the textile industry alone. Unemployment is the principal social and economic challenge facing South Africa so it is apparent that employment creation is very important in South Africa.
The manufacturing industry in South Africa is still restructuring in order to face international competition. It was protected from international competition since the early sixties and became less efficient. Now due to trade liberalization adopted in the past few years, it is unlikely that there would be a rise in its potential to contribute to employment creation. Pape (1999) estimates that within 10 years, manufacturing employment will not be significantly increased in South Africa. A low level of fiscal deficit coupled with the 3% target rule (and the overshooting of this in the past two years) also suggests that the government does not have the capacity or the will to become a major driving force for job creation.
The high cost associated with in particular deep level mining also makes it difficult for this industry to lead employment creation. Visser (1999, 2) confirms that both primary and secondary sectors are no longer reliable in leading employment and economic growth due to “the roller-coaster fluctuation in commodity prices shackling the global economy today. Instead, a more mobile, educated and nature deprived population suggests far stronger guarantees for growth in tourism particularly Eco- and cultural tourism”. Perhaps service industries can provide a strong alternative in driving employment creation.
Despite the promise that the service industry holds, we need to be cautious because the service industry covers a wide variety of jobs. Palma (1999) makes an important distinction between two types of services and their role in employment contribution. One is production related services (i.e. finance, transport, technical education which support production) and these are declining, while freestanding services (i.e. basic education, tourism, government services, personal services) are growing and so also the possibility of their contribution to increasing employment. In South Africa, we can no longer expect manufacturing to be the major driver of job creation. The challenge facing policy makers now is to focus on keeping existing jobs while creating additional employment opportunities.
The 1994 democratic election which heralded the Mandela presidency, brought about a profound change as it ended the apartheid policy system of governance and with that the political unrest and sanction against South Africa. This paved the way for tourism as an alternative form of employment creation. Now tourism could be accepted as one of the key drivers for job growth, wealth creation and economic empowerment. Tourism is internationally accepted as one of the world’s fastest growing industries and South Africa on the other hand has emerged as a highly attractive destination because it has both depth and diversity of tourism products.
Peter Hawthorne (1999) confirms that the dramatic changes of 1990 took South Africa out of political and economic isolation. This succeeded in putting the country on the international travel and tourism map. He points out that in 1994, the number of regional and overseas holiday visitors increased by 50% to more than 5 million a year. Since tourism is the world’s fastest growing industry, the objective of this study is to look at tourism as an alternative for job creation in South Africa.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR POLITICAL SCIENCE FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. THE ROLE OF FOREIGN ELECTORAL OBSERVERS ON ELECTION CREDIBILITY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS)
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study Nigeria’s politics right from the 90s is usually characterized by violence. It has always b...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
2. AN ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, 1999-2011
» ABSTRACT This study assessed the role of local government in service delivery with a specific focus on Kaduna North local government from 1999 2011. I...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 132 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
3. POVERTY AND ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA
» Abstract This study focuses mainly on the effect of poverty on electoral violence among youths in Donga L.G.A., which has become a thorn to the effect...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 53 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
4. IMPACT OF REFUGEE CRISIS ON HUMAN SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Human security, in its extensive sense, covers far more than the absence of violent conflict. It ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
5. THE NIGERIA POLICE FORCE MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS AND CONFLICT IN POLICING IJEBU-ODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The police force is regarded as the most visible governmental agency through which the character ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
6. DEMOCRACY AND ISLAMIC SECT/BOKO HARAM IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF GOODLUCK JONATHAN REGIME)
» ABSTRACT Democracy is always seen as an indispensable feature of any nation. The idea that the practice of true democracy is very pivotal for the surv...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
7. EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON THE OVERALL WELL-BEING OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Niger Delta region, also referred to as the South South geo political zone is made up of six ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 67 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
8. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (Case study of selected NGOs in Benin City)
» ABSTRACT This study assesses the role and challenges of non governmental organisations in rural development in Nigeria. Specific objectives of this st...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
9. IMPACT OF NEW MEDIA ON POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN 2015 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION IN DELTA STATE
» ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of social media on political advertising during the 2015 governorship election in Delta State. The researc...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
10. UNDERSTANDING OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES AMONG KEY ELECTORAL STAKEHOLDERS IN NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Over the last quarter century, many developing countries have turned towards electoral politics. Democracy indicators for Sub Saharan Africa ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT