- The Complete Research Material is averagely 79 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦4,000
Get the complete project »

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Refining of vegetable oils is essential to ensure removal of germs, phosphatides and free fatty acids (F.F.A) from the oil, to impact uniform colour by removal of colouring pigments and to get rid of unpleasant smell from the oil by removal of odiferous matter.
Refining is carried out either on batch operation or as continuous operation. With certain oils even physical refining can be carried out instead of chemical.
For processing less than thirty tones of oil per 24 hours, and when oil has F.F.A content of 1 percent or less normally batch process is recommended. Batch process involves low capital investments, simplicity of operation and low maintenance, making refining economically a viable proposition even at capacity as low as 10 tonnes per 24 hours. (According to Dietary fats and oils in Human Nutrition. (Rome 1977)).
11
Soyabean oil is produced from the seed of the legume called soja max or calyclue max. The seed has an oil content of about 20%, it is the highest volume vegetable oil produced in the world. The crude oil is obtained by pressing or solvent extraction method. The main uses of the oil after refining, bleaching and deodorization and partial hydrogenation are in the manufacture of Magrine and shortening. The unhydrogenated oil is also used in blends with other oil but its tending to revert when exposed to air or higher temperatures limits its use. (Hand book of industrial chemistry, Reigel et al, (2003)).
Soyabean oil is also used extensively in the manufacture of drying oil products.
Crude soyabean oil of good quality has a lighter amber colour which upon alkali refining is reduced to the light yellow colour of most vegetable seed oils. Soyabean oil produced from green or immature beans may contain sufficient chlorophyll to have a greenish cast but this is not usually very evident until after the yellow red pigment of the oil have been bleached in hydrogenation (G.S Breck and S.C Bhatia, 2008).
12
The crude oil particularly that obtained by solvent extraction contains relatively large amount of non-glyceride materials consisting chiefly of phosphatide. They are removed by water washing during refining processes. The phosphatides removed by water washing are converted to soya lecithin. The free fatty acid content of good crude soyabean oil like that many other vegetable oil is slightly in excess of 0.5 percent. (Hand book of Industrial chemistry,Reigel et al (2003)).
1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Crude fats and oils are processed by general scheme shown below with modifications or exceptions for specific species.
13Fig 1:1-Generation flow sheet for refining and processing fats and oils (according to G.S Breck and S.C Bhatia, 2008).
CRUDE OIL
Water
Crude Lecthin
Degumming
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply

You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. THE IMPACT OF IT AND ICT IN NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS SECTOR
» ABSTRACT This study was carried out to examine the impact of ICT in the Nigerian oil and gas sector with a particular focus to Shell Oil and Gas Compa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
2. EMPIRRICAL CORRELATION OF OIL EFFECTIVE PERMEABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE
» ABSTRACT A poor description of the reservoir characteristics usually poses a unique problem in exploration and production there by leading to poor dev...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
3. AN IMPROVED METHOD TO DETERMINE HORIZONTAL WELL PRODUCTIVITY AT STEADY STATE
» ABSTRACT As the petroleum industry continues to experience advances and progress in drilling techniques, the use of horizontal well in field developme...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
4. OPTIMISATION OF PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
» ABSTRACT The research provides an analytical study on the optimization of petroleum distribution system using ICT approaches. It provides a structural...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
5. REFINING OF PALM KERNEL OIL
» CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Palm kernel oil, the second most consumed lauric acid group oil is derived from the dried kernels of the oil palm, Elaeis...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 75 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
6. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COAL, FUEL OIL AND NATURAL GAS FOR CEMENT PRODUCTION
» ABSTRACT This study is a comparative analysis of the use of coal, fuel oil and natural gas for cement production noting their physical and chemical pr...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 64 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
7. DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-ALKALI BASED LUBRICANT GREASE FROM PLANTAIN PEEL ASH.
» CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Lubricating grease is produced by dispersing thickening agents in mineral or synthetic oil. Sev...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 100 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
8. THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM BY-PRODUCTS (FUEL AND KEROSENE) ON THE HAEMOGLOBIN OF AFRICAN CAT FISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Muthukumaran and Sukumaran (2005) reported that the activities of man have been responsible f...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
9. PREDICTING THE OPERATING CONDITION FOR DOWNHOLE OIL-WATER SEPARATOR(DOWS)USING NODAL™ ANALYSIS
» ABSTRACTA relatively new technology (introduced in the 1990s) has been employed as a solution to manage produced water problem in the oil and gas indu...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
-
10. PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL USING PALM KERNEL
» ABSTRACT The need for renewable and environmentally friendlier energy sources has led to intensified efforts with respect to research in that area. On...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 29 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT