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The article on this topic (Evaluation of guidance and counseling in secondary schools) is an extract from literature review of the project material. The complete project work would be made available when you subscribe for the full material.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of Guidance and Counseling
Various authors have used the term “guidance” and “counseling” either to the mean differently things or to mean the same thing. Due to this, many texts use the term interchangeable. However, the general consensus amongst professionals in that guidance is an umbrella names for all the helping services. To a layperson, guidance simply means to guide or direct some one toward a certain goal but to the professional guidance counselor, it involves a much deeper meaning (Oladele, 1987).
Guidance
Ipaye (1983) sees guidance as an umbrella term which covers all the means whereby an institution identifies and responds to the individual needs of students, thereby helping the individual to develop his/her maximum potentials.
Durojaiye (1972) view guidance as a complex process that encompasses the total needs of the individual student to be directed or guided. The, he said is available to the individual’s educational, emotional, vocational, health, social and physical needs as well as the individuals preparation for a suitable occupation or career.
Various authors, collectively view guidance as:
A concept (mental image) which connotes the utilization of a view to help an individual.
An educational construct (intellectual synthesis) refers to the provision of experiences that helps students understand themselves.
A service (action taken to meet a demand) involves the processes organized to achieve a helping situation.(Idowu, 1998)
Guidance is perceived as a process because it involves a series of actions or steps progressively moving towards a goal.
Help entails assisting to reduce human difficulties, “individuals” refers to students in a school setting or client, in a non – school setting.
Understanding of self and world menas coming to known who they are as individuals, becomes aware of their personal identity, perceive clearly the nature of their person and the person and the people with whom they interact. As individuals, they should be able to know what opportunities are open for them in their world.
The assumption is that individuals who understand themselves and their world will become more effective, more productive and happier human beings (Adams, 1998) through guidance individual achieve greater awareness not only of who they are but also of who they can become.
Guidance is no a haphazard activity but a planned and systematic approach towards helping the individuals to be able to make wise choices or decisions. Guidance aims at aiding the recipient to grow in his independence and ability to be responsible for himself. It is seen as a service that is universal, not confined to the school or family. It is found in all phase of life, in the business, industry, hospital, in homes, government and anywhere there are people who need help the central idea of these definition is that it does not dictate solution to the individuals. Realizing that with appropriate guidance the counselee direct himself.
Inferring from the definitions of guidance, it is clear that is purpose is to help students understand the totality of their personal experiences, the opportunities available as well as the choice open to them and also helping them to recognize, interpret and act upon their personal weaknesses, strengths and resources.
Understanding oneself can effectively lead to a student’s wise choice of curriculum options and appropriate occupational aspiration that would lead to the discovery and development of potentials for personal happiness first and then social usefulness.
Counseling
Counseling involves a wide range of procedures including advice giving, support in times of need or trouble, information giving encouragement and test interpretation. Counseling is perceived as part of the guidance programme involving a more personalized process that involves a one – on – one relationship or small groups. Counseling deals more intensively wit personal and emotional issues, it is very private and confidential.
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SIMILAR GUIDANCE COUNSELING FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. FEMINISM AS AN IDEOLOGY TO FIGHT FOR WOMEN RIGHTS IN THE SOCIETY
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION In every human society, the relationship between the man and the woman cannot be over emphasized. Th...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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2. THE FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF SCHOOL SUBJECTS BY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY From the secondary school age, the adolescents are often faced with the problems o...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 46 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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3. THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL VARIABLES ON MARITAL STABILITY AMONG COUPLES
» ABSTRACTThe study attempted to investigate the influence of socio cultural variables on couples’ marital stability in Mainland Local Government Area...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF ENUGU STATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Man is a social being that live collectively in communities. Every human community ha...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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5. INFLUENCE OF PEER PRESSURE AND PARENTING STYLES ON THE PERCEPTION OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS ABORTION
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Social factors are factors interacting with a person’s social environment that could influe...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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6. STRATEGIES FOR CURBING MALADJUSTMENT BEHAVIOUR IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN OGOJA EDUCATION AUTHORITY OF CROSS RIVER STATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Primary schools are established with the aim of producing pupils who are worthy in character and lear...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 82 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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7. THE EFFECT OF BROKEN HOME ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
» ABSTRACT This survey research conducted to find out the effect of broken homes on primary school pupils academic achievement in Jere Local Government ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 57 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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8. EFFECT OF LENGTH OF MARRIAGE THE SOURCES OF MARITAL PROBLEMS AMONG MARRIED FEMALE STUDENTS OF WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, BIRNIN KEBBI, KEBBI ST...
» ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of length of marriage on sources of marital problems among married female students of Waziri Umaru Federal...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 91 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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9. ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABILITY AND MAINTENANCE OF SCHOOL PLANT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ZARIA EDUCATION ZONE, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study This study focuses on availability and maintenance of school plant which includes the school buil...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 112 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT
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10. INFLUENCE OF HOME VIDEO WATCHING ON THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The mass media, most especially television have gradually become a part of daily lives, and sourc...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 62 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | GUIDANCE COUNSELING DEPARTMENT