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2.1 Theoretical Literature
Balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of all its economic transactions with the outside world in a give year. It is a statistical record of the character and dimensions of the country’s economic relationships with the rest of the world (Johnson H 1958:113).
Determinants of balance of payment have been and are still a topic of interest to many people and nations. Because of its usefulness, many writers have contributed towards its meaning, causes and solutions. Some people have given little contributions as regards balance of payment equilibrium or disequilibrium. Others however, who seem to have understood the subject better have made more encompassing and well thought out contributions.
In these contributions, Enuenwosu (1982:25) observed that our balance of payments problem is connected with a narrow export base and increased imports. In other words, our economy imports more than it exports and it also relies on every few export items. The effect of this is that Nigeria spends more foreign exchange than it receives.
THE MERCHANDISE (TRADE) BALANCE
This balance involves imports and exports of goods only. In other words, this balance has nothing to do with intangible items. The items include in trade or merchandise balance are only those ones that can be physically seen leaving and entering a country’s borders. These types of goods are known as tangible goods or visible items of the balance of payments. If the monetary value of imports. (tangible or visible) equates the monetary value of exports (tangible or visible) we say there is a balance of trade. When the latter is less than the former.
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SIMILAR ECONOMICS FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. AN ASSESSMENT OF GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
» The main aim of the research project dwells on Globalization and Economic Development in Nigeria an Assessment. Globalization was viewed as the bilate...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 70 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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2. THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE POLICIES FOR IMPROVING EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ANAOCHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The development in science and technology provides the business world with the techniques of improvin...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 42 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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3. IMPACT OF BANK CREDITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Prominent among the obstacles facing the performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria is the lack of effectively bank credits to the manufa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 55 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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4. IMPACT OF TAXATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Small and Medium Enterprises play a very important role in development of the Nigerian Economy. Making up about 97% of the entire economy, th...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 60 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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5. ASSESSMENT OF E-TAX PAYMENT ON REVENUE GENERATION EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIA Case study of Lagos State Board of Internal Revenue and Nigerian Taxpayers.
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Tax is any form charge levied on a person or an institution by a governing body or its equivalen...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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6. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY (1990 – 2010)
» CHAPTER ONE1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYSince Nigeria got her independence in 1960, it has created policies which are geared towards promoting the Niger...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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7. THE PROBLEM OF GOVERNMENT BUDGETING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA)
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A Budget is commonly understood as the focus by a government of its expenditure and revenue for a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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8. THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES IN MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MEASURED IN TERMS OF NATIONAL INCOME AND INFLATION, IN NIGE...
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Monetary policy is mainly concerned with interest rate management and control of money su...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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9. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Economic growth is a fundamental macroeconomic policy objective which countries all over the worl...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 113 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
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10. LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN OUR PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE SUBJECT MATTER The term low productivity refers to the inability of our public organization to produce ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 50 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT