CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        Educationist and other well-meaning people have always maintained that education is the greatest legacy a nation can be give to the citizens. There is therefore no better investment a nation, could make than in education, this is why one should not remain indifferent to the lapse ion our educational system. A good school facility supports the educational enterprises. Research has shown that clean air, good light and a small, quiet, comfortable, and safe learning environment are important for academic achievement (see, for example, Cotton, 2001, Schneider, 2002).

        While factors such as student socio-economic status and parental involvement are among the most important predictors of student academic performance of a school building district and state hence improving school facilities offers a feasible opportunity for improving academic performance. This has brought with it attendant problem such as inadequate school facilities and consequently poor academic performance on students. Okeke (2009), acknowledged this situation, when he asserted that with expansion of secondary schools Nigeria, there has been a general have and cry about the falling standard of education in the country as a whole. Over the years, the performance of students has fallen in examination. This is to say that the academic performance of most students were very poor. To achieve these goals a lot needs to be done in the academic performance of school system. To students academic performance appear to have been affected by a myriad of factors. These factors include school facilities (Anchurian and Steward 2006).

        School facilities play a vital role in the actualization of educational goals and objectives by satisfying the physical and emotional needs of the staffs and students of the school. Henceforth, school facilities can be briefly regarded to as the item which makes teaching and learning possible in a school. In other words, school facilities can be referred to as the human and physical resources that are needed or used in the school in order to aid learning and teaching. By human resources we mean the personnel’s employed in the school to ensure learning. They include the principal, the headmasters, the teachers and administrative  staff etc. the human resources can also be seen as the greatest and most useful facilities a school can ever have, the reason being that no matter how a school is physically facilitated if there are no human resources in it, there can be no learning, invariably there will be no school, while physical resources can be seen as those materials which can give help support or comfort to the school organization country or an individual for example, the building, the library, chairs textbooks, classroom, chalkboard, sporting fields environment etc. additionally, according to Knezevich (1975) he emphasized that the physical needs are met through provision of safe structure, adequate sanitary facilities, be balanced visual environment, appropriate thermal environment, and sufficient shelter space for his work and play. His emotional needs are met by creating pleasant surroundings, a friendly atmosphere and an inspiring environment.      

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

        There are variations in the academic performance of secondary school students in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State. Researchers have been trying to find out how these variations come about and what are responsible for them. The major factor that seems to contribute to poor academic performance is inadequate provision of educational facilities in schools.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

        The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of school facilities on academic performance of secondary schools students in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State. While we do not have the data to identify the specific mechanism by which compliances is linked to educational outcomes, from existing research, we know that school buildings in poor shape lead to reduced learning.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

        The following questions were raised.

1.           Are there enough school facilities in school?

2.           Are there materials or school facilities relevant for academic performances?

3.           Do school facilities have impact on the academic performance of students?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: physical resources is not among the factors that is affecting the academic performance of students .

H1: physical resources is one of the factors that is affecting the academic performance of students

ASSUMPTIONS

        In the cause of this study the following assumptions were made.

1.           That secondary school in Akoko-Edo Local Government has few school facilities like libraries, science laboratories and technical work shops.

2.           The secondary school students in Akoko-Edo LGA perform poorly academically.

3.           That better performance can be achieved with better school facilities.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

        This study is significant in the fact that it could serve as a vital information aimed at showing the relationship that exist between adequate performance of students. It is significant in the sense that it can help to draw the attention of the governments, school board, ministry of education etc to the reality that education programme cannot operate adequately or effectively without adequate school facilities.

DEFINITION OF TERMS  

Academic performance: This means the level of attainment on what the students have been able to achieve in terms of success in examination.

School facility: This refers to all essential teaching aids and equipment in teaching and learning process.

School building: Refers to tangible structures which serve as shatter for educational activities.

Equipment; these are facilities used in the schools by both teachers and students. They include benches, desks, tables, tacklers.

School record: These are books and information records used for the day to day running of the school. That is divided into:

Special record books: this is professional books which include admission register etc.

General administration record: these are the record that shows the day to day administration of the school.

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