CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The continuous change in climate as a result of variation in season has significant effect on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases (W.H.0, 2004). Lots of lives were lost as a result of the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases.

 prior to the invention of modern medications, infectious disease were generally incurable, and treatment was limited to treating the symptoms of the disease sexually transmitted diseases has been known for hundreds of years, but as we enter a new millennium, age old problems of the infectious disease continue to plague us. Very many have been eliminated, examples are syphilis and Tuberculosis. Overcrowding, environmental degradation, poverty often inflate these disease.

Many of these diseases may have arisen in the context of modern social trends. Perhaps the most frightened is the HIV and herpes disease unknown before the last eight decades of the twentieth century. This currently incurable virus has already infected more than 80% of the ordinary young adults population in parts of the sub-Saharan African an is rapidly spreading especially in the poorer and more socially unstable part of the world. However, syphilis is potentially one of the most controllable disease (STD). HIV is not nearly as transmissible as some other STD’s e.g. hepatics or gonorrhea. It is the cofactors of other STDs that largely explain the infectivity and prevalence of HIV.

According the report from (W.H.O, 2003) stated that the number of patients that were admitted during the rainy season is much more than those admitted in during other seasons.

According to the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (NIAID) 2005 the prevalence of STDs shows 333 millions cases per annum. Anti-microbial treatment of some STDs is becoming increasingly problematic some strains of gonorrhea and chancrous are now resistant to all anti-biotic generally available in poorer countries. Despite anti-viral agents (and their combination) that have been developed to treat it, the vast proportion of STDs worldwide are not treated at all. This is affected by the cost of treatment. The study in this regard wishes to carry out a randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases in Nigeria

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

This study attempts a critical examination of the randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases which causes problems like infertility, scarring of fallopian tubes, sterility, heart problems and disorders of the central nervous system, sexually transmitted diseases also causes pelvic inflammatory diseases, which can lead to ectopic pregnancy or the formation of abscesses, cervical cancer, blindness and even death. Secondly researchers have used other method to study the sexually transmitted diseases but not even a single research have been done using the randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases. This is what captured the interest of the researcher as regard the above topic

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to carry out a randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases. Other specific objectives of the study include:

1.  To determine the effect of season the rate treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

2.  To examine the relationship between season and the growth of sexually transmitted diseases

3.  To investigate on the factors affecting the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

4.  To improve the precision in the comparison of treatment means

5.  To determine the effect of the blocking factor in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives of the study. The research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

1.  What is the effect of season the rate treatment of sexually transmitted diseases?

2.  What is the relationship between season and the growth of sexually transmitted diseases?

3.  What are the factors affecting the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases?

4.  What are the ways to improve the precision in the comparison of treatment means?

5.  What is the effect of the blocking factor in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: season has no significant effect on treatment variation among the population that was infected with STDs

H1: season has significant effect on treatment variation among the population that was infected with STDs

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study on the randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases will be of immense benefit to the federal government through the ministry of health, the hospitals, the people and other researchers that wishes to carry out similar research on the above topic as the study will discuss and carry out an experiment on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases using RCBD, the study will reveal the ways to improve the precision in the comparison of treatment means. Finally the study will contribute to the body of the existing literature on the randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases.

1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on the randomize completely block design analysis on the effect of season on the rate at which people contact sexually transmitted diseases is limited to this four diseases ( HIV, RVD, Gonorrhoea, herpes) and will cover from 2000-2016.

1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

HIV: The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

RVD: The cell undergoes a process of volume regulation; induced cell swelling is followed by regulatory volume decrease (RVD), and induced cells Shrinking is followed by regulatory volume increase (RVI).

GONORRHOEA: is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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