ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to assess the relationship between Accounting Competences and Self-Efficacy of Teachers in Public Secondary School in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. To guide the study, three specific objectives, three research questions and null hypotheses were formulated. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 40 Principles of Accounting teachers in 14 Public Secondary Schools in Uyo and the entire population was studied because of its size and manageability. Questionnaire titled “Accounting Competences and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire” was developed for data collection. The instrument was validated by three research experts in the Department of Vocational Education, University of Uyo. Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 was used to determine reliability of the instrument. Pearson Product Movement Correlation was used in answering research questions and testing of the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant relationship between professional and self-efficacy of teachers, financial reporting and self-efficacy of teachers, and business risk analysis and self-efficacy of teachers in Public Secondary School in Uyo. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that teachers of principles of accounting should acquire appropriate skills and knowledge and high self-efficacy in order to achieve desired performance in the class.

Table of Content

Title Page     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        i

Declaration   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        ii

Certification  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iii

Dedication    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iv

Acknowledgement   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        v

Abstract                 -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        vi

Table of Contents    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        1

1.2     Statement of Problem                 -        -        -        -        -        -        5       

1.3     Purpose of the Study                  -        -        -        -        -        -        6       

1.4     Research Questions -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        6

1.5     Null Hypotheses      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        6

1.6     Significance of the Study-            -        -        -        -        -        -        7       

1.7     Delimitation of the study   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        8

CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUR

2.1     Theoretical Framework      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        10     

2.1.1  Effectance motivation Theory                -        -        -        -        -        10

2.1.2  The Skill Theory – Katz’s three Skill Approach   -        -        -        -        11     

2.2     Conceptual framework       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        13

2.2.1  Concept of Self-Efficacy     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        13

2.2.2  Concept of Teacher’s Competence          -        -        -        -        -        15     

2.2.3  Concept of Teacher’s Self-Efficacy -        -        -        -        -        -        17

2.2.4  Professional Knowledge and Teacher’s Self-Efficacy     -        -        -        21

2.2.5  Financial Reporting and Teacher’s Self-Efficacy  -        -        -        -        23

2.2.6  Business Risk Analysis and Teacher’s Self-Efficacy                 -        -        24

2.3     Related Empirical Studies            -        -        -        -        -        -        26

2.4     Summary of Reviewed Literature            -        -        -        -        -        28

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1     Area of the Study    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        29

3.2     Design of the Study -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        29

3.3     Population of the Study     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        29

3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique  -        -        -        -        -        -        29

3.5     Instrumentation      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        30     

3.6     Validation of the Instrument        -        -        -        -        -        -        30     

3.7     Reliability of the Instrument        -        -        -        -        -        -        30

3.8     Administration of the Instrument -        -        -        -        -        -        30

3.9     Data Analysis Technique    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        31

3.10   Decision Rule          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        31

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSION OF FINDINGS

4.1     Research Questions -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        32

4.2     Testing of Null Hypotheses -        -        -        -        -        -        -        34

4.3     Findings of the Study                  -        -        -        -        -        -        36     

4.4     Discussion of Findings       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        37

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Re-statement of the Problem       -        -        -        -        -        -        39

5.2     Description of Procedures used for the Study              -        -        -        39

5.3     Summary of Findings                  -        -        -        -        -        -        40

5.4     Educational Implications of the Study     -        -        -        -        -        40

5.5     Conclusion    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        42     

5.6     Recommendations   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        42

5.7     Suggestions for Further Studies    -        -        -        -        -        -        42

          REFERENCES -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        43

          APENDICES          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        47     

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE                                               TITLE                                                     PAGE                                            

1                 Examining the Relationship between Professional                         

Knowledge and Self-efficacy of Teachers           -        -        -        32

2                 Examining the Relationship between Financial Reporting and

                   Self-efficacy of Teachers    -        -        -        -        -        -        32

3                 Examining the Relationship between Business Risk Analysis

                   Self-efficacy of Teachers    -        -        -        -        -        -        33

4                 Testing the Significance of the Relationship between Professional

                   Knowledge and Self-efficacy of Teachers -        -        -        -        34

5                 Testing the Significance of the Relationship between Financial

                   Reporting and Self-efficacy of Teachers  -        -        -        -        35

6                 Testing the Significance of the Relationship between Business Risk

                   Analysis and Self-efficacy of Teachers     -        -        -        -        36

         

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX                                        TITLE                                                PAGE

A                 Questionnaire for Data Collection -        -        -        -        -        47

B                 Table showing List of Schools and Distribution of Principles

                   of Accounting Teachers in the Area of the Study         -        -        52

C                 Reliability Test Computation                  -        -        -        -        53

D                 Raw Scores Tables   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        54

E                 Analysis of Data      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        56

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Education has been acknowledged by Etim (2006) to be the process of raising individuals or groups along mental, physical, moral, social, and vocational dimensions through a planned programme of activities and instruction as well as other forms of relevant experience. Education therefore, could be seen as the process of changing attitudes and behaviour of a person or group of persons through teaching and learning process. The endless effort of any educational system is to effect positive change in the behaviour of the learner. Therefore, for any education system to be effective the organization of teaching and learning process should be of great concern and some key and professional subjects should be given great attention right from the grassroots.

In the effort of making education system effective in the country, teachers’ professional competences and their self-efficacy should be taken into consideration.  A teacher according to Teacher’s Registration Council of Nigeria handbook (2002) is a person who has undergone professional training capable of transmitting knowledge, attributes and skills to the learner. Unachukwu (1999) sees a teacher as a person trained or recognized and employed to guide learning in the classroom in order to achieve set educational goals. A teacher’s personality and qualities are to this extent important. Parker, Mayo and Fristz in Nkang (2002) recognized the fact that although work must be done according to established standard rules and regulations, the man who does the job is even more important than the job itself. This is because without the man, there will be no work done. Given this importance of the job performer as far as the job, the teacher’s possession of the necessary competences in his or her field and his or her self-efficacy should be of great concern. In educational setting, one thing is to have a teacher another is the competences of the teacher in his field. Salasu as cited in Umoren and Ogbodo (2001) opined that no matter how beautiful the aims and objectives of education system are, no education system can rise above the quality of its teachers. This means that a teacher can make or mar an entire education programme because of competence.

Professional competences of a teacher help the teacher to function in the classroom effectively and efficiently within his or her area of specialization. Permadi and Arifin (2010) opined that professional competence is very important because it directly relates to the performance display by the teacher in the classroom. Arikunto (1993) explains that professional competence means that “teacher must have extensive knowledge in the subjects to be taught and mastery of the methodology in the sense of having knowledge of theoretical concepts, and ability to choose the right method in teaching and learning process”. As one of the efforts to create professional teachers, the Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria Acts (1993) stipulates that every qualified teacher should be registered and licensed before being allowed to teach in Nigerian schools. This emphasizes the need for competences among teachers.

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