- The Complete Research Material is averagely 158 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
Inappropriate feeding practices can have profound consequences on the growth, development and survival of infants. The World Health Organizationrecommended exclusive breastfeeding because it has been shown to reduce the occurrence of adverse health outcomes on the infant and mother, and so isregarded as the best form of preventive medicine. Despite the health and economic benefits associated with exclusive breastfeeding, the practicestill remains low in various parts of the world. In Nigeria, the practice rate remains low with just 17-25% of infants, exclusively breastfed. This justified the objective of assessing women’s knowledge, attitude andpractice of exclusive breastfeeding in Kaduna metropolis. It also justified the need to investigate factors affectingthe non-practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The study also verified the hypothesis raised with regards to the relationship between the knowledgeand attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding, respondents’knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding and therelationship between the attitudeand practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The social cognitive theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The study used the survey research design where both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used.The targeted population was nursing mothers, pregnant women and experienced mothers in Kaduna metropolis. Multi stage cluster sampling was used in selecting respondents.Simple random sampling method was used to select eight wards within the metropolis. purposive sampling method was used to select two (2) streets from the eight wards selected, making a total number of sixteen (16) streets. Fourteen (14) households were selected each from the sixteen 16 streets using availability sampling technique, making a sample size of 224 respondents. The study used frequencies, percentages and cross tabulations to analyse responses derived from the questionnaire and to testthe stated hypotheses of the study. The study also made use of in-depth interview to compliment the questionnaire and to cover issues that could not be obtained through the questionnaire. At the end of the data gathering exercise,the study revealed thatmajority (96%) of the respondents have knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and 58% have a favourable attitude towards it. These results, however, did not have much effect on their practice as only34% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study identified other factors hindering the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, such as employment and school, breast problems, lack of commitment, socio- cultural factors, poor milk supply, poverty, medical conditions of mothers and infants,amongst others. Chi square results revealed that there wasa relationship between knowledge and attitude as well as knowledge and practice towards exclusive breastfeeding but no relationship between attitude and practice.The study, therefore recommends that there is need to educate caregivers and not mothers alone on the benefits of practice.This will motivate them to provide the needed support for the practiceof exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers also need to be educated on breastfeeding techniques, as this will help in preventing breast feeding problems, thereby ensuring a successful practice. The study also recommends adequate support from management at work places onthe need for the extension of maternity leave or reduced working hours for nursing mothers, and the provision of facilities to enable mothers breastfeed their babies at work.
x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backgroundto the Study
Over the years, breastfeeding has been a universal means of feeding infants and a common
feature of all cultures since the survival of mankind. It is a phenomenon that is deeply rooted in
the tradition of human culture. Although, breastfeeding practices have fluctuated over the years,
it is widely regarded as an unequalled way of providing ideal nutrition for the healthy growth and
development of infants (World Health Organization, 2002a). Breast milk is mostly referred to as
nature‘s most precious gift to the newborn and the ideal food for the human infant of which an
equivalent is yet to be developed by the scientific community despite tremendous advances in
science and technology (Nanthini and Jeganathan, 2012).
There are several methods of infant feeding, prior to the discovery and recommendation of
exclusive breastfeeding. Mixed feeding has been a common practice, where infants received
breast milk and other food or liquids and predominant feeding, where infants receive breastmilk
as a predominant source of nourishment and also receive water and water-based drinks or liquids
(WHO, 2008).
Exclusive breastfeeding means only breast milk is allowed with the exception of medicine,
vitamin syrup and oral rehydration solutionfor the first six months of life to achieve optimal
growth, development and health. Thereafter, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and
safe complementary foods (WHO, 2002b). Complementary feeding means infants can
receivebreast milk, expressed milk or milk from a wet nurse, as well as solid or semi-solid foods,
liquids, formula milk,while continuing to breastfeed for up to two years or more (United nations
children‘s funds, 2009). This has been one of the primary aims of nutrition and public health
1
programmes across the world with the aim of improving infant and child morbidity and mortality
and also to improve maternal health. Exclusive breastfeeding is internationally the most
preferred way of feeding infants during the first six months of their lives, and it is recognized as
being one of the most natural and best formsof preventive medicine (WHO, 2002b).
During the first few days after delivery, colostrum, known asthe first fluid that comes from the
breast immediately after birth, is produced and should be fed to the new-born, while awaiting the
production of regular breast milk (Makena, 2014). It is yellowish in colour, contains high
proteinand anti-bodies and often described as the first form of immunization because it is an
important source of nutrition and antibody protection for a newborn child. Therefore, it is
recommended that infants should be put on the breast immediately or within one hour after birth,
which enables the stimulation of breast milk production (WHO, 2002b).
Although, the composition of breast milk varies according to factors such as maternal nutritional
status, genetic makeup, maternal dietary habits, and so on, it contains nutrients, anti-bodies, and
properties important for growth and development, which makes it a uniquely perfect food for
babies with nutrient in the right proportion and ready in the right temperature (Riordan, 2005).
Breast milk is the most complete form of nutrition because it has the right amount of fat, sugar,
water, and protein which most babies find easier to digest than formula (United nations
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR SOCIOLOGY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. FAMILY INSTABILITY; AN IMPLICATION FOR CHILD UPBRINGING
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study A family can be recognized as a unit of people who have agreed to live together as father, mother...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 71 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND RADIO AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION AMONG STUDENTS OF KASU
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the study The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large, heterogeneo...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 40 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
3. INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOUTH IN NIGERIA
» Abstract Participation with technology for Social Purposes has become the mainstream communication method for many people in the past several years. I...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 58 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
4. INDIVIDUAL AND STATE IN ARISTOTLE IN RELATION TO PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Man establishes the state in order to meet his needs. In other words, the individuals are prior to ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 68 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
5. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON SMOKING AMONG STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
» AbstractThe purpose of this cross sectional study was to explore university students' knowledge, attitude and practice towards smoking and to compare ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC STATUS AND CHILDREN’S EDUCATIONAL LIFE CHANCES: A STUDY OF PEASANT FARMERS IN BASAWA AND BOMO DISTRICTS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between socio economic status and children’s educational life chances using the peasant farmers of...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 100 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
7. GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE:( A STUDY OF FEMALE WORKERS IN KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY, KADUNA).
» ABSTRACT Gender discrimination is a broad phenomenon which is affecting every political, social and economic life. It has become a common occurrence e...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 108 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
8. THE EFFECT OF INSURGENCY ON BASIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
» ABSTRACTThe study investigated effects of insurgency on universal basic education in Borno state and other states in Nigeria. Basic education is the f...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
9. ORGANIZATION AND WORK BEHAVIOUR OF FORCE ORGANIZATION: (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN POLICE FORCE, AKWA IBOM STATE COMMAND)
» ABSTRACT Publicity in today’s production is an area whose potentials have not been utilized. Lack of efficient publicity is one of the reasons m...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
10. INDIAN HEMP SMOKING AND ITS IMPLICATION ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY KADUNA.
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Indian hemp is a plant that has been cultivated since ancient times for its fiber, oil, and narco...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT