TABLE OF CONTENTS

Index              Title                                                                                        Page

Cover Page      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           i          

            Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           ii          Declaration      -            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iii

            Certification    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iv

            Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           v

            Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           vi

            List of Tables  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -                       vii

            List of Figures             -           -           -           -           -           -           -                       viii

            List of Contents                      -           -           -           -           -           -           -ix-xii

                        Chapter One: Introduction  -           -           -           -           -                       1-5

1.1                          Background to the Study       -           -           -           -           -           -1

1.2                   Aim and Objectives of the Study       -           -           -           -           3

1.3                   Significance of the Study/Contribution to Knowledge          -           3

1.4                   Statement of Research Questions       -           -           -           -           4

1.5                   Scope of the Study     -           -           -           -           -           -           5

1.6                   Organisation of the Work       -           -           -           -           -           -5

                        Chapter Two: Literature Review                -           -           -           -6-22

2.0                    Introduction                -           -           -           -           -           -           -6        

2.1                   Stakeholder Theory     -           -           -           -           -           -           6

2.1.1                Stakeholders Defined -           -           -           -           -           -           6

2.2                   Classification of Stakeholders            -           -           -           -           -           8

2.3                   The Community Stakeholder Groups -           -           -           -           10

2.5                   Stakeholders Engagement      -           -           -           -           -           12

2.6                   Project Cost and Costs in Stakeholders Engagement -           15       

2.6.1                Stakeholder’s Engagement Cost: Project Overhead or

Corporate Social Responsibility?        -           -           -           -18

2.6.1.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)          -           -           -           18       

2.6.1.2 The Contrast   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           18

2.7                   Summary         -           -           -           -           -           -           20       

                        Chapter Three: Research Methodology     -           -           -           23-30

3.0                   Introduction    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           23

3.1                   Research Design         -           -           -           -           -           -           24       

3.2                   Area of Study -           -           -           -           -           -           -           24

3.3                   Population of Study    -           -           -           -           -           -           25

3.4                   Sampling and Sampling Technique     -           -           -           -           25

3.4.1                Sample size     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           26       

3.5                   Data collection            -           -           -           -           -           -           26       

3.5.1                Focus Group   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           26

3.5.2                Interview         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           27       

3.5.3                Questionnaire Survey  -           -           -           -           -           -           27

3.6                   Data Analysis  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           29

3.6.1                Stakeholders Salience -           -           -           -           -           -           29                    Chapter Four: Data Analysis, Result and Discussions        -           31-47

4.1.1                Response Rate            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

4.1.2                Respondents Characteristics   -           -           -           -           -           32

4.2                   Expenditure Items in Stakeholders Engagement Cost           -           35

4.3                   Cost of Stakeholders’ Engagement    -           -           -           -           39

4.4                   Community Stakeholders                               -           -           -           41

4.7                   Discussion of Findings -         -           -           -           -           -           43       

4.6.1                Community Stakeholders       -           -           -           -           -           43

4.6.2                Cost Expenditure Items and Cost of Stakeholders    Engagement    46

Chapter Five: Summary of Findings, Conclusion

            and Recommendations                     -           -           -           -                       50-54

5.0       Introduction    -           -           -           -           -           -                       -           50

5.1       Statement of Research Problem and Approach          -           -           -           50

5.2       Summary of Findings -           -           -           -           -           -           -           50

5.2.1    Key Community Stakeholders in Akwa Ibom State  -           -           -           50

5.2.2    Impact of Transactional Contracts on Stakeholders’ Management   -           51

5.2.3    Expenditure Items and Cost of Stakeholders’ Engagement -                        -           52

5.3       Conclusion      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           53       

5.4       Recommendations      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           53

5.5       Limitation       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           54       

5.6       Area for Future Research        -           -           -           -           -           -           54