- The Complete Research Material is averagely 89 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »

SUMMARY
Retreatment is indicated in tuberculosis (TB) patients if they fail or default from initial
treatment or relapse after initial treatment success. TB retreatment in Nigeria grew from
2,395 in 2002 to 8,787 in 2011. Adamawa state alone from 2002 – 2012, recorded an average
of 177 retreatment cases per year. Retreated patients transmit TB including potentially drug
resistant-TB, waste drugs and incur extra cost to TB Control Programme. We investigated
retreatment determinants in smear positive patients, age ≥15 years, taking first line anti-TB
drugs (FLADs), in Adamawa state from 4th quarter 2012 to 2nd quarter 2013.
Case-control study conducted. Cases, pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, on retreatment with
FLADs, and with pretreatment smear positive result. Controls, PTB patients, with
pretreatment smear positive result and converted to smear negative in 5th month while on the
initial FLADs, and in whom there is no default, failure or relapse. Sociodemographic,
knowledge and attitude, treatment adherence and disease severity factors obtained using pre-
tested questionnaires through physical interview and data abstraction from TB registers. Data
cleaned and analysed using Epi Info version 3.4.3 at 5% alpha level of significance and 95%
confidence. Odds ratio (OR) used to compare association. Ethical clearance obtained from the
state Research Ethics Committee (Ref.No S/MOH/1131/I/24).
Of 243 patients studied (81 cases, 162 controls), mean age 35.2 11.7 years (cases 37.8
10.6; controls 33.9 12.0), 70.4% young adults 20 – 40 years (cases 71.6%; controls 69.8%),
69.1% males (cases 79.0%; controls 64.2%), 59.3% married (cases 56.8%; controls 60.5%),
and 46.1% attained secondary education (cases 44.4%; controls 46.9%).
vi
Determinants identified– Knowledge on causative agent based on score below its mean
80.74% crude odds ratio (cOR) 1.98; 95% CI: 1.05-3.74 and attitude on measures to
improving health while on anti-TB based on score below its mean 42.47% (cOR 1.77; 95%
CI: 1.01, 3.08). Male gender (cOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.13-3.92), unemployment (cOR 1.9; 95%
CI: 1.09-3.30) and clinic location ≥5 km from residence (cOR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.12-6.16).
Smoked till at least onset of treatment (cOR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.42-4.26), daily smoking ≥11
cigarettes (cOR 3.2; 95% CI: 1.29-7.75), alcohol consumption till at least onset of treatment
(cOR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.39-4.29) and alcoholism (cOR 3.1; 95% CI: 1.19-7.92). Ever
discriminated against (cOR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.17-4.16), ever missed clinic (cOR 2.3; 95% CI:
1.25-4.03), ever missed anti-TB doses (cOR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.28-4.08), TB/HIV comorbidity
(cOR 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07-3.56), concurrent drug use (cOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.17-3.74) and used
of social support and adherence measures (cOR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.88).
Independent predictors identified were distance ≥5 km from house to clinic adjusted odds
ratio (aOR) 3.69; 95% CI: 1.38-9.90 , ever smoking ≥11 cigarettes daily (aOR 3.21; 95% CI:
1.18-8.71), negative attitude on measures to improving health while on anti-TB (aOR 2.28;
95% CI: 1.15-4.52), TB/HIV comorbidity (aOR 2.49; 95% CI: 1.23-5.06) and use of social
support/adherence measures (aOR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17-0.78).
The State and Local Government Areas are recommended to site clinics closer at distances of
less than 5 km from homes, introduce tobacco dependence and cessation programme in
clinics, closely monitor TB-HIV comorbidity, promote healthy measures to improving health
while on anti-TB and reinforce social support and other adherence measures.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, smear positive, retreatment, first line anti-tuberculosis drugs,
determinants, factors.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background information
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by any pathogenic member of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC).1,2 The most common of MTC is
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply

You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR PUBLIC HEALTH FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIO IN EDUCATING NIGERIAN WOMEN ON IMMUNIZATION. A CASE STUDY OF ORU-EAST L.G.A OF IMO STATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Communication is central to every human activity. The mass media are potent channels for communic...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Standard precautions are a set of guidelines that aim to protect health care workers from infections from blood, body fluids, secretions, exc...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
3. PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS KEPT IN HOMES AND ASSESSMENT OF OWNERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a global zoonotic disease associated with significant morbidity that can lead to increased rate...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 106 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
4. DETERMINANTS OF BIRTH-DELIVERY INTENTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ABEOKUTA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Child delivery is a critical and sensitive stage of pregnancy. The study assessed the determinant of birth delivery intention among pregnant ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 62 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
5. SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL FACTORS PREDICTING THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG SELECTED SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN ADO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT Adolescent obesity is slowly emerging as a serious public health problem. This is due to the strong relationship with adult obesity and its r...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 74 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
6. EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF CHILDREN IN A RURAL SUBURB OF ANAMBRA STATE – A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
» ABSTRACT Background Childhood immunization is a cost effective public health strategy. Expanded Programme on immunization (EPI) services have been pro...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 99 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
7. PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HIV RISK BEHAVIOURS AMONG SEAFARERS IN PORT HARCOURT SEAPORT RIVERS STATE
» SUMMARY HIV/AIDS in seafaring is a global health issue with adverse effects on the seafarers and the economy at large. In spite of the role of seafari...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 97 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
8. Breast cancer in women is a major health burden both in developed and developing countries
» . It is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. Recent global cancer statistics shows that global incidence is ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 30 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
9. ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN BOSSO TOWN, NIGER STATE
» SUMMARY Water is an important ingredient for life and it is an effective vehicle for the transmission of diseases when contaminated. Therefore every r...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 92 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
-
10. SPUTUM SMEAR CONVERSION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: AN INTENSIVE PHASE MONITORING OF SPUTUM SMEAR POSITIVE PATIENTS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
» SUMMARY Tuberculosis (TB) is a high burden global problem. Nigeria ranks fifth among the 22 high burden TB countries globally and first in Africa. Dir...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT