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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Theorists such as Louis Wirth and Talcott Parson(2012) have emphasized the importance of mass media as instruments of social control.
In the 21st century, with the rise of the internet, the two way relationships between the mass media and the public is beginning to change with the advent of new technologies such as social networking, blogging and so on.
Media (Singular medium) are the storage and transmission channels or tools to store and deliver information or data. It is also referred to as synonymous with mass media or news media but, may be refer to a single medium used to communicate any data for any purpose. Media technology has made communication increasingly easier as time passed throughout history. Today, children encouraged to use media tools in school and are expected to have a general understanding of the various technologies available. The internet is arguably one of the most effective tools in media for communication. Tools such as email, facebook, and so on, have brought people closer together and created new on line communities. However, some may argue that certain types of media can hinder face-to-face communication and therefore can result in complication like identity fraud.
When a new communication medium is introduced, individuals are quite, taken by its uniqueness or novelty. A definition of communication by Lierouw,(2005) is the “Process by sharing ideas, information and messages with other(s) in a particular time and place”. Participating in the information age requires individual and societies to quickly and effectively communicate and disseminate information like never before. This is particular evident in regards to communication on social network sites which has result in communication methods being shortened to as few characters as possible, reaching out to a large number of persons at once; it has strongly enhanced spontaneity as individuals can respond immediately to events in real time.
SOCIAL NETWORKING
Social networking is a web based service that allows people to set up public or semi-public profiles, sharing interest, photographs, views, opinions, thoughts and comments over personal and private or public issues, and generally, letting people know what they are up to (Dune et al (2010). However, looking at the influence of personality and social networking (facebook) on physical interaction, a careful look, identification and definition of the variables must be looked into give a better insight.
Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities and schools, it is most popular online. This is because in most schools, workplaces, the internet is filled with millions of individuals who are looking to meet other people, to gather and share first-hand information and experience about findings, employment and so on.
When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interest in hobbies, religion and so on and once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize and make more friends. Online social networking sites like facebook, twitter, flicker are among the most popular internet users of these sites form a social network which provides a powerful means of sharing, organizing and finding content and contacts. Recently, online social networking have gained significant popularity and are now among the most popular sites on the web. For example face book (over 955 million users), Myspace (over 290 million users) are popular sites built on social networks. These online social networking sites are usually run by Individuals Corporation for example Google and Yahoo are accessible via the web. We should understand that by being aware of your cyber-surroundings and who you are talking to, you should be able to safely enjoy social networking online. It will take many phone conversations to get to know someone, but you really won’t be able to make a clear judgment until you can meet each other in person.
Facebook is a highly popular social networking site that allows you to make connections, share interests, and join groups. Facebook was launched in February 2004, owned and operated by facebook inc. as of September 2012, facebook has over one billion active users, more than half of them using facebook on a mobile device and it is opened to anyone aged 13 years and over. However, according to a may 2011 consumer reports survey, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts and 5 million children under 10 violating the sites terms off service. A January 2009 compete.com study ranks facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. (Eldon 2008, Sengupta 2012, Carlson 2010).
Facebook is an online leading social networking sites (SNS) that is popular with young adults. Individual can develop their own home page to include their favorite photos, share music and so on. These SNS have attracted millions of members who socialize with other people on the internet including and sometimes supplanting traditional socialization agents (family, school, peer groups and environments). Facebook enables individuals to play an active role in the socialization process and in constructing their own identity. Dye (2007), pointed out that this new medium has created a new generation of individuals whose identities are defined by their connections and the content they produce online.
PHYSICAL INTERACTION
“Interactivity” according to Beckly et al., (2005) is a response to a behaviour, state and status. Thus the act of communicating. Interactivity will make “physical interaction engagement with something that can respond to a motion, gesture on state. It is also a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another.
In sociology, social interaction is a dynamic changing sequence of social actions between individuals (group) who modify their actions and reactions due to the actions by their interacting partner(s). The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. A closely related term is interconnectivity, which deals with the interactions within systems. Combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomenon.
This study takes a close look at the influence of personality and social networking (facebook) on physical interaction in today’s ever changing world.
What does this study tend to measure? Having taken a close look at the variables involved in this study above as relating to having a clearer and better understanding of the meaning of the variables, the next step would be to better understand the relationship between the variables and how one affects the other. The study tends to measure relationship and effect of one variable with/over another bringing to light a clearer understanding of the subject matter. It is an issue worthwhile addressing in research to detect the extent to which the effect of social networking has on human interaction.
Personality is also an important concept that has been given consideration by various notable psychologists. Generally, when we talk about personality, we are referring to some characteristics of behaviour that distinguished one individual from another. Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, ands behaviour consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one’s expectation, self perceptions, values and attitudes.
Jung,(1933) explained that every individual could easily be classified into either introvert or extrovert.
According to Jung, classifying people into types enables us to make sense out of others behaviour and to anticipate how they will act in any situation. He also said that introverts tend to withdraws into himself particularly in times of emotional stress and conflicts, tends to be shy and prefers to work alone. Whole extroverts tend to seek the company of others when he is under stress.
Various psychologist and personological theorist have defined personality in different ways. But their focus is on individual differences.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
As human beings, our real method of connection is through authentic communication. Studies show that only 7% of communication is based on the written or verbal word. A whopping 93% is based on non-verbal language. For example, on a Friday afternoon, Sharopn Seline exchanged text messages with her daughter in college. they chatted back forth, mom asking how things were doing and daughter answering with positive statements followed by emotions showing smiles, and heart happiness.
Later that night, her daughter attempted suicide in the days that followed, it came to light that she’d been holed up in her dorm room, crying and showing signs of depression a completely different reality from the one that she covered in facebook post and text. Indeed, its only when we can hear a tone or voice or look into someone’s eyes that we’re able to know when “I’m fine” doesn’t mean they are fine at all. This is where social media get dicey.
With the use of technology, anyone can hid behind the text, facebook post, email, projecting any image they want and creating illusion of their choosing. They can be whoever they want to be. And without the ability to receive non- verbal cues, their audiences are none the wiser. With all the powerful technologies at our finger tips, we are more connected and potentially more disconnected than ever before. In an ironic twist, social media has the potential to make us less social, a surrogate for the real thing. For it to be a truly effective communication vehicle, all parties bear a responsibility to be genuine, accurate, and not allow it to replace human contact altogether.
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
In light of the statement of problem, this study is designed to ascertain the following.
A. To known if social networking (facebook) has reduced physical interaction.
B. To know if social network (facebook) has not reduced physical interaction.
C. To ascertain whether gender has implication for the use of social network (facebook).
D. To know which individuals in the extraversion, introversion dimension use facebook more.
E. To determine the ways through which people can be encouraged to engage more in physical interaction.
F. To create a background work for further research and investigation.
1.3 RELEVANCE OF STUDY
This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a bench mark or guide for other work or study. It avails individuals with information about facebook, its users and importance.
The knowledge and use of social networks (facebook) is not just important or relevant for adolescence alone but also to every individual in any profession or career as it helps to make them better understand the usefulness of social network (facebook), misinformation and inappropriateness of social network (Facebook) can then be corrected.
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