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Abstract
Between May 1999 and 2007, Anambra state went through six administrations; namely Chinwoke Mbadinuju, Chris Ngige, Peter Obi,
Virgie Etiaba Andy Uba and back to Peter Obi. Within the period,
Anambra state received a total N213, 262, 725, 656.33 from Federation
Account for the state and local governments. This excludes funds
generated from internal sources. Despite these huge financial resources,
the service delivery and condition of living of the people were still
essentially low. This situation was manifested by the apparent drop in
the individual person’s capacity to satisfy his basic needs of food,
clothing and shelter. This raises the question on the relationship that
exists between governance and human security
in Anambra state. Human security includes the condition necessary for
the survival, livelihood and dignity of the individual, the respect of
human right, and access to education, healthcare as well as ensuring
that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfill one’s
potentials. The process of achieving better condition and changing the
situation of insecurity is entrusted to the state through the process of
governance. Governance connotes the manner in which power is exercised
in the management of the resources of a group of people for the attainment of set objectives. It involves the executive, the legislature, the judiciary and the
bureaucratic machinery – the public bureaucracy – at all levels. The
central aim of this study was to evaluate the place of governance in the
enhancement of human security in Anambra state. Specifically, it sought
to establish the connection between governance and the state of health
service in Anambra state; analyze the impact of governance on education
in the state; determine how the policy of the state administration
impacted on human rights
situation; ascertain if there the relationship between inadequate
planning and implementation of policy programmes by the state
administration and the condition of poverty and personal security in
Anambra state. Data for the study were generated through the primary and
secondary sources. The primary sources included structured
questionnaire modeled after the Likert Scale and interviews. The area of study was 9 local government areas: three local governments each were randomly selected from the
three senatorial zones in the state. The main population of the study
included public servants in the state from grade levels 13 and above.
The actual number of this category of staff is 4752. From among them,
237 staff representing 5% of the entire population was randomly selected
and used for the study. Another Five hundred and Sixty Two (562)
persons selected from the general public but taking into consideration
the members of the civil society organization was also selected as
samples and used in the work also. The secondary sources included books,
official documents, journals and conference papers. The analysis of
data was based on the “Sequential Analytic Technique” of data analysis, a
descriptive statistics method using the medium (centile), and the
inter-quartile range (Q). The study was anchored on the Systems Theory
that helped us to measure the impact of funding and policy formulation
and implementation on governance in Anambra state. At the end of the
study, it was found that governance has not impacted positively on human
security in Anambra state within the period under study. First, in the
area of health, it was found that 45 doctors have left the services of
the state health system leaving only 70 doctors by the end of 2007. Many
of them left due to poor payment and bad condition of service. The
HIV/AIDS increased in its prevalence rate from 3.8% by the end of 2004
to 5.6% by the end of 2007. Secondly, there were no sustained policies
in the area of qualitative education as funding over the years which
averaged 4.5% of the budgetary allocations were inadequate for the
sector. The drop-out rate in the state schools maintained 2% increase
annually due to poverty and low budgetary allocation of less than 10%. Thirdly, the incidence of poverty increased from 32.2% in
1996 to 85% by 2007, while non-poor accounted for 14.7% of the
population. The various administrations did not evolve policies to
reduce poverty until 2006 when agricultural loan packages, skill
acquisition and technical education were enunciated. Fourthly, human right abuses
were high in the families, work places, police stations and check
points. Finally, the public managers and other public servants were not
properly involved in policy
formulation and various implementation required in the state.
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